约束的界限——转轨经济学中的所有权和硬预算约束

文献认为，硬预算约束可以促使公司采取必要的重组行为。本文认为，金融约束难以弥补公司治理结构的不足。以后共产主义的转轨经济资料为基础，本文认为成功的收入重组需要内含在一定所有权类型中的企业家动力。另外，国有公司将继续引起比民营化公司更高的信贷风险，因而硬预算约束政策的效用会减弱。虽然债权人的“软弱”在很多方面是不利的，但如果这可以防止那些原则上能够通过转让所有权而成功实现重组的公司不至于倒闭，那么，这就不一定不合理。     

对质量管理体系认证过程的评价

第十三届亚太质量组织国际会议暨第六届中国上海国际质量研讨会于2007年10月18日至20日在中国上海举行。会议组委会收到了来自美国、英国、澳大利亚、印度、菲律宾、伊朗、新加坡等20个国家的专家、学者、企业家和质量经理人的论文，本刊从中选出五篇外文论文摘要刊载，以飨读者。     

A child health production function estimated from longitudinal data. Cebu Study Team

Collaborating researchers used a multi equation model to analyze 3080 mother-infant pairs living on the island of Cebu in the central Philippines and to estimate a child health production function. The econometric methods used eliminated obstacles such as heterogeneity and endogeneity of significant explanatory factors. They also maximized the longitudinal quality of the data. The results showed that morbidity in 1 period reduced infant weight in following periods. For example, diarrhea and febrile respiratory infection reduced growth in the time period following the illnesses. Further effects of some contributing factors were great near birth not diminished with age. For example, breast feeding promoted growth and protected against infection, especially diarrhea and febrile respiratory infection, more substantially near birth than it did later. Further, in urban areas, preventive health care positively affected growth independently of its indirect influence on reducing respiratory infection. Yet it had little effect on diarrhea. Diarrhea had a strong adverse effect on growth. Exposure of the infant to enteric pathogens had the greatest influence on production of diarrhea. In urban areas, exposure included water supply contamination, exposure to feces, a more pathogenic diet, and community crowding. In rural areas, however, exposure included community crowding and increased rainfall which presumably washed feces into the water supply. Household crowding in both urban and rural areas and irritation from smoke in urban areas only tended to bring about febrile respiratory infection.     

吐鲁番葡萄沟景区旅游形象定位及塑造研究

本文首先分析了旅游形象对于一个旅游目的地的重要性以及吐鲁番葡萄沟景区建立旅游形象的紧迫性。然后结合吐鲁番葡萄沟景区的实际,分析其旅游资源的现状及特色,运用调查问卷的形式对吐鲁番葡萄沟景区的旅游形象进行受众调查,并对其旅游形象替代性进行分析,然后定位吐鲁番葡萄沟景区的旅游主题形象,最后从理念形象(MI)、视觉形象(VI)、行为形象(BI)、旅游形象传播四个方面对其旅游形象进行塑造。     

印度房地产之盛世危言

拉维．拉赫伽是孟买一家家族控制大型地产开发商的主管。对自己大力推动的印度购物中心的发展．拉维．拉赫伽描绘了一幅悲观的前景。他说：“现在仿佛站在悬崖边上．只要推一下．就会掉下万丈深渊。”     

对街头商贩的观察与评论

对街头商贩的观察与评论雷·布鲁利街头贩卖是世界各大城市自古就有的一种职业，虽然这一活动为经济注入了活力，但不少人把他们与拥挤、不卫生、不安全、逃税、出售劣质商品联系在一起。本文对世界各国的街头贩卖以全面评论，探讨这一经济活动长盛不衰的原因。资料主要...     

以客户为中心的“解决问题创新服务系统”的方法

以客户为中心的“解决问题创新服务系统”的方法●周桂荣译刘子明校●〔美〕多种资源联合会ＱＩＡＮＥＦＯＵＣＡＲ－ＳＺＯＣＫＩ罗杰Ｌ·佛罗里森任何解决问题的创新的大胆行动的成功，是由许多可知与不可知因素决定的。因此，必须更好地了解与剖析影响创造性成功的...