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91.
On the Choice of Superannuation Funds in Australia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Benjamin R. Langford Robert W. Faff Vijaya B. Marisetty 《Journal of Financial Services Research》2006,29(3):255-279
Using a sample of Australian retail and wholesale superannuation funds to proxy for choice and limited choice alternatives,
respectively, we investigate the costs and benefits of providing choice to investors. We find that investors who have choice
don't respond to fees. Also, loads - typical of the choice environment - are likely to be a dead-weight loss borne by investors.
Employees who involuntarily contribute to (employer) funds, tend to pay the lowest fees. Given these results, the advantages
of choice become questionable. Our results show that managers of limited choice funds achieve greater positive abnormal returns
than retail fund managers. The analysis of flows provides insight into why choice funds do not perform better than limited
choice funds. Investors are not responding to historical performance as predicted. 相似文献
92.
Benjamin N. Dennis 《Journal of International Economics》2006,68(1):92-114
We examine the welfare consequences of terms-of-trade risk in a small open economy in which it is costly for workers to move between sectors. Relocation costs lead to partial labor mobility, sectoral wage gaps and income risk exceeding that of an economy in which relocation is costless. Using observed wage differentials and standard values for volatility and preferences, we find that the welfare cost of partial labor mobility alone is unlikely to be very large, even in the absence of self-insurance arrangements. In addition, modest consumption substitution elasticities significantly reduce these welfare costs. 相似文献
93.
Recent discussions in the area of corporate social responsibility suggest that organizational size has complex meanings and
thus requires more scholarly attention. This article explores organizational size in the context of relative power in inter-organizational
networks. To shed light on the ways relative power interacts with size we studied social responsibility practices among cleaning
subcontractors in three firms of different sizes. Our focus on the network differentiates these firms on the basis of their
size and sector. Semi-structured interviews were used to trace cleaning subcontractors’ CSR-related practices. We analyzed
subjective reports and discursive practices involved in subcontractors’ self-presentations. While the economic and philanthropic
dimensions of social responsibility were presented by the cleaning subcontractors as independent of network constraints, the
findings show that the legal and ethical dimensions were subject to large client–firm pressures. What we learn from our data
is that the four dimensions of Carroll’s model, the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic, should all develop from and
be evaluated against a fifth root dimension of inter-personal commitment. 相似文献
94.
An Empirical Analysis of and Policy Recommendations to Improve the Nutritional Quality of School Meals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The National School Lunch Program is not meeting its nutritional goals. Data for 330 Minnesota school districts are analyzed to derive recommendations for improving the nutritional quality of school lunches. This study finds, contrary to widely held views, that lunch sales do not decline when healthier meals with less fat, for example, are served and that more nutritious lunches do not necessarily cost more. Healthier meals have higher labor costs, but lower costs for processed foods. Indirect costs, paid by the food service to the school district, negatively affect meal quality by decreasing funds to upgrade kitchens and train staff to prepare more nutritious meals. 相似文献
95.
This paper provides evidence for the relationship between credit quality, recovery rate, and correlation. The paper finds that rating grade, rating shift, and macroeconomic factors provide a highly significant explanation for default risk and recovery risk of US bond issues. The empirical data suggest that default and recovery processes are highly correlated. Therefore, a joint approach is required for estimating time‐varying default probabilities and recovery rates that are conditional on default. This paper develops and applies such a model. 相似文献
96.
Benjamin Miethling 《能源经济杂志》2011,35(4):287-296
This article looks into the role of the state in geothermal energy development. Based on the findings in three countries studied, it demonstrates that the demand for political intervention is strongly tied to the state of the technological and industry development. While government’s most important role in the early stages is R&D-support and regulatory guidelines, the relevance of market-based instruments and network support kicks in later. Between these two phases is a period where both ‘toolkits’ of political intervention (direct investment and indirect support efforts) have to be provided by state actors. Furthermore, the project timeline has to be kept in mind. Supporting project economics alone is not sufficient if project-internal barriers exist that cannot be overcome without specific support. The installation of an insurance scheme for dry wells in Germany and a similar mechanism in Iceland can be regarded as outstanding examples of this. However, it is important to note that geothermal energy generally will not be developed without strong public support in all development phases. The common cross-case barriers alone are sufficient for project developers and investors to be cautious about entering the industry. But if governments engage with the right instruments at the right time, there is reason to say that geothermal energy can provide a contribution to the energy turn towards renewable energies in many parts of the world, even apart from high-enthalpy regions. 相似文献
97.
Benjamin Russo 《Southern economic journal》2005,72(2):443-462
With few exceptions, state and local general sales and use taxes are levied primarily on tangible goods. Secular trends in production and consumption of goods and services, as well as legislated exemptions and exclusions, have eroded sales tax bases. A number of reforms designed to reduce base erosion have been proposed, including base broadening, conversion to a consumption tax, and wholesale replacement of sales taxes with income taxes. Each proposal has potential to shore up sales tax bases. From an economic perspective, the policy choice should turn on efficiency, equity, and simplicity. This paper reports on a computer analysis of efficiency effects. The results suggest that (i) base broadening can increase economic efficiency, (ii) converting to a consumption tax base dominates base broadening, (iii) replacing sales taxes with higher income taxes could produce large efficiency losses, (iv) base broadening could generate efficiency gains even if untaxed remote sales become a “sizable” fraction of total sales, and (v) even partial base broadening could produce sizable efficiency improvements. 相似文献
98.
99.
We propose a transactions cost theory of total factor productivity (TFP). In a world with asymmetric information and transactions costs, productivity must be induced by incentive schemes. Labor contracts trade off marginal benefits and costs of effort. The latter include, in addition to the workers' marginal disutility of effort, organizational costs and rents. As the economy grows, contracts change endogenously, inducing higher effort and productivity. Transactions costs are also affected by societal characteristics that determine the power of incentives. Differences in these characteristics may explain cross‐economy productivity differences. Numerical experiments demonstrate the model's consistency with time‐series and cross‐country observations. 相似文献
100.
We explore the role of interfirm alliances as a mechanism for sharing technological knowledge. We argue that knowledge flows between alliance partners will be greater than flows between pairs of nonallied firms, and less than flows between units within single firms. Using patent citations as a proxy for knowledge flows, we find results that are consistent with these expectations. We then explore how firm characteristics affect knowledge flows within alliances and find positive effects due to technological, geographic, and business similarities between partners. We use alliance data from MERIT, patent data from the USPTO, and firm data from Compustat. 相似文献