Reviews

YUGOSLAVIA IN TURMOIL.

Simmie, J. and Dekleva, J. 1991: Yugoslavia in Turmoil: after self-management?, London: Pinter Publishers, £35.00 cloth.

THE DEFENCE OF WELFARE.

Whitfield, D. 1992: The Welfare State. London: Pluto, £45.00 cloth, £19.95 paper.

GLOBAL FINANCE.

Budd, L. and Whimster, S. (eds) 1992: Global Finance and Urban Living, London: Routledge, £40.00 hardback, £13.99 paperback.

LABOUR MARKET RESEARCH.

Moore, B. and Townroe, P. 1990: Urban Labour markets - Reviews of Urban Research, Department of the Environment: HMSO, £11.25.     

Trade Union Membership in Europe, 1960–1990: Rediscovering Local Unions

This article compares union density rates in seven Western European countries between 1960 and 1990. In contrast to conventional analyses, the paper argues that, in countries where workplace union organization is well developed, and where unions have managed to turn the official institutions for workers' participation such as works councils into extensions of their operations, they fared better during the 1960s and 1970s than in countries where this was not the case. This difference in the fate of unions was even more pronounced during the 1980s. Unions with strong locals lost few members or actually gained some, while unions without strong local structures saw union density drop by between one-quarter and one-third.     

Institutionalization of Tipping as a Source of Managerial Control

This paper explores, investigates and analyses the rationale, approach and outcomes of the attempts by management to control the behaviour of front–line service workers through the institutionalization of customer tipping. It presents evidence generated from an in–depth case study of a highly successful UK restaurant group to suggest that the management of tipping is a way of controlling the behaviour of front–line service workers. However, rather than view such control as purely exploitative and one–sided, it is argued that there is a degree of 'mutual instrumentality', in that the findings suggest that workers voluntarily and consciously submit to subjugation for purely instrumental benefits.     

Derivation of regional shadow prices

[Hurter and Moses, 1964] presented a solvable model combining input-output analysis and linear programming to derive regional product ’shadow’ prices. Their measure of prices is incomplete since it includes only regional variation-in transport and resource costs and not the intermediate product costs. The reason for this exclusion is obvious: product prices are needed to obtain intermediate product costs. In this note we extend the Hurter-Moses model to derive a full measure of regional shadow prices.