乡镇企业和国有企业经济效率差异的人力资本产权分析

对乡镇企业和国有企业的实证比较分析表明 ,同属于公有制的国有企业和乡镇企业以及不同类型的乡镇企业之间之所以出现较大的经济效率差异 ,原因不在于物质资本产权的性质 ,而在于人力资本产权界定上的差异 ,尤其是经营者人力资本产权界定是导致两者经济效率差异的主要原因。     

CPI bias and real living standards in Russia during the transition

The economies of the former Soviet Bloc experienced large declines in output during the decade of transition which began with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Yet there are many reasons to believe that measured output and official deflators provide a poor proxy for the change in real living standards in transition economies. This paper uses the Engel curve methodology developed by Hamilton [Hamilton, B. 2001. “Using Engel's Law to Estimate CPI Bias” American Economic Review 91(3): 619–630] to examine changes in real living standards in Russia during the transition period and to provide an estimate of how much the official Russian CPI has overstated consumer inflation. We also examine changes in consumer durables, home production, and subjective well-being to further evaluate changes in living standards. Our findings indicate that CPI bias has caused a substantial understatement of the growth performance of the Russian economy during the transition. Even just allowing household final consumption to be deflated with bias, we find that the level of real per capita GDP in 2001 may be understated by up to 30% compared with using a bias-corrected deflator. Our analysis of consumer durables, home production, and subjective well-being supports the conclusion that the decline in living standards has been substantially less than what is inferred by looking at official statistics on real output.     

Classification of regional agricultural structure: method and its application to China

Regional agriculture is the basis of regional sustainable development, so sustainable regional agricultural development is essential to the sustainable development of the whole society and becomes the focus of global research. The classification of regional agricultural structure is the basic work of regional agriculture study. This paper constructs index system （27 indices） of regional agricultural structure types with the three big indices： natural resources, developmental level of the agro-economy, and agro-ecological conditions. This paper also endows weight to every sub-classification index by means of AHP and obtains the comprehensive evaluation value of the three types of indices with arithmetic average weight approach. The regional agricultural structure can be classified into eight types in accordance with this evaluation results. The empirical study of China shows that the 31 provinces （municipalities and autonomous regions） are of different agriculture structural types. Finally, countermeasures of sustainsable agricultural development are put forward for the different agriculture structure features.     

营商环境对高技术产业创新绩效的影响

通过构建2008—2016年30个省级面板数据,运用固定效应模型研究营商环境对高技术产业创新绩效的影响.实证发现:营商环境对高技术产业专利申请数量有显著正向影响,且对西部的影响程度显著大于东中部地区,但影响强度低于R&D内部经费支出、科研机构数量等因素;从全国层面来看,营商环境的改善对高技术产业的新产品销售收入产生了不利影响.根据回归结果,分地区和创新的不同阶段提出相关政策建议,政府应通过加强知识产权的保护和严格高技术产业审批标准等措施进一步促进高技术产业的健康发展.     

关于实施水产品品牌战略的思考

品牌战略是企业利用品牌推进产品销售的一种促销手段,也是企业追求长期利益,占领目标市场的有效手段。实施品牌战略,充分发挥品牌效应,对提升产业经济整体水平、合理配置资源、降低资源消耗、大力发展第三产业具有重要作用。创立水产品品牌,能不断增强水产品在国内外市场的竞争力,加快水产业产业化进程,从而更好地推动我国水产企业发展。本文主要从我国水产品品牌创建的现状、存在的问题、以及实施水产品品牌战略的必要性方面进行思考,并提出相应的对策与建议。     

Economic rationality and ethical behaviour: ethical business between venality and sacrifice

This paper argues that economic rationality and ethical behavior cannot be reduced one to the other, thus casting doubt on the validity of assertions such as 'profit is ethical' or 'ethics pays'. In order to express ethical dilemmas in a way which opposes economic interest with ethical concerns, we propose a model of rational behavior that combines these two irreducible dimensions in an open but not arbitrary manner. Behaviors that are neither ethical nor profitable are considered irrational (non-arbitrariness). However, behaviors that are profitable but unethical, and behaviors that are ethical but not profitable, are all treated as rational (openness). Combining ethical concerns with economic interest, ethical business is in turn seen as an optimal form of rationality between venality and sacrifice. Because everyone prefers to communicate that they act ethically, ethical business remains ambiguous until some economic interest is actually sacrificed. We argue, however, that ethical business has an interest in demonstrating its consistency between communication and behavior by a transparent attitude. On the other hand, venal behaviors must remain confidential to hide the corresponding lack of consistency. This discursive approach based on transparency and confidentiality helps to further distinguish between ethical and unethical business behaviors.     

An Explanation of the Life Span of New French Firms

In contrast to previous studies on firm survival which tend to focus on features related to the structure of the firms and their area of activity, our aim here is to widen the perspective usually adopted in the field, taking into account a larger and more qualitative set of variables. Among these variables, features related to the individual characteristics of the entrepreneur, to the context of entrepreneurship and to the insertion in entrepreneurial networks are significant to explain the life span of new firms. The empirical material is drawn from two surveys, which provide detailed data about a group of new firms created in France in 1994 and closed down before 1997 or still running in 1997. Our empirical approach on qualitative data is based on data analysis methods (linear discriminant analysis, barycentric discriminant analysis, analysis of variance). According to the characteristics of the entrepreneur, the main explanatory factors for the survival of new firms are the fact that they are entrepreneurs who have taken over firms, that they have acquired during their previous occupational activity an experience in the same branch of activity and that they experience a successful integration into the entrepreneurial networks. These three factors show that the survival of young firms is indirectly conditioned by the existence of an initial custom, by the mastery of a job and by the know-how in the entrepreneurial function.     

罗非鱼养殖标准化状况调研分析

通过对罗非鱼主产区有关企业、科研和推广单位开展专题调研和问卷调查,基本了解了罗非鱼养殖标准化的基本情况和存在问题,提出了完善标准管理体制和健全标准体系的措施建议。     

Trade liberalization,financial modernization and economic development: An empirical study of selected Asia–Pacific countries

This study investigates the relationship between trade liberalization, financial modernization and economic development for 14 countries in the Asia and Pacific region over the period spanning from 1961 to 2011. The study uses panel data as they have many advantages over cross-sectional or time series data. In addition to analyzing the full panel, we also divide the 14 countries under study into two sub-samples: high-income countries and middle-income countries, based on World Bank's income classification as of 1st July 2013. The panel cointegration tests show a long run relationship between the above variables. The study uses Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method to estimate the models and then conducts Granger causality tests to identify patterns of causation among the variables of interest. In general, the results indicate unidirectional causality (1) from financial modernization to economic development for the entire panel and the panel of middle-income countries; (2) from trade liberalization to economic development for the whole panel as well as two subpanels of high-income and middle-income countries; and (3) from trade liberalization to financial modernization for the whole panel as well as two subpanels. The findings of this study support that the actual effect of financial depth on economic development (and vice versa) seems to depend on the level of financial development.