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991.
992.
This is a study of the development of three different auditing guidelines by the Auditing Practices Committee (APC) of the UK and the Irish Republic. The guidelines are those on analytical review, fraud, and general insurance business. The evidence is derived from the APC's archives and includes agendas, minutes, working papers and correspondence of working parties and of the main Committee, in addition to published sources. The evidence is used to assess the validity of the public criticisms that have been made of the APC and the possible effectiveness of the recent reforms of the system. 相似文献
994.
We examine the impact of mandatory retirement on the retirement decisions of professors in Canada using administrative data. Estimation of a discrete time hazard model indicates that faculty members at universities with mandatory retirement at age 65 have exit rates at age 65 that are around 30 to 38 percentage points higher than those of their counterparts at universities without mandatory retirement. This overall difference in exit rates is found when the sample is restricted by discipline, professional rank and type of university. Similar results are found for both men and women; however, the magnitude of this effect is somewhat smaller for women. Restricting the analysis to include faculty members who received their highest degree at age 34 or older does not affect the magnitude of the difference in exit rates between faculty at universities without mandatory retirement and those at universities with mandatory retirement. The estimated survival probabilities indicate that only 22.7% of faculty members employed at age 64 at universities without mandatory retirement will continue to be employed at the same university at age 72. 相似文献
995.
Christopher S. P. Magee 《Economic Affairs》2011,31(3):12-17
The political economy literature suggests that tariff rates should be high because the gains to producers from protection are enormous while the welfare costs are small. This paper presents and evaluates six possible explanations for the relatively low tariffs we see today in most developed countries. 相似文献
996.
Louis Silvia Christopher T. Taylor 《International Journal of the Economics of Business》2013,20(1):97-124
Sunoco’s 2004 acquisition of El Paso’s, New Jersey refinery and Valero’s 2005 acquisition of Premcor’s Delaware refinery significantly consolidated refinery control in the US Northeast. The Federal Trade Commission investigated both transactions but challenged neither. We examine the FTC’s enforcement rationale and test whether these mergers were associated with post-merger price increases in either gasoline or diesel at retail and wholesale. Our findings indicate that the transactions were largely competitively neutral. There was some indication that some unbranded rack prices may have increased after the mergers, but this result was not robust across controls or assumptions. In some other instances, prices in merger-affected areas may have fallen relative to prices elsewhere. 相似文献
997.
Jérôme Lahaye Sébastien Laurent Christopher J. Neely 《Journal of Applied Econometrics》2011,26(6):893-921
We use recently proposed tests to extract jumps and cojumps from three types of assets: stock index futures, bond futures, and exchange rates. We then characterize the dynamics of these discontinuities and informally relate them to US macroeconomic releases before using limited dependent variable models to formally model how news surprises explain (co)jumps. Nonfarm payroll and federal funds target announcements are the most important news across asset classes. Trade balance shocks are important for foreign exchange jumps. We relate the size, frequency and timing of jumps across asset classes to the likely sources of shocks and the relation of asset prices to fundamentals in the respective classes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
998.
The problem of trust in food production and regulation has increasingly been raised as a practical and policy issue in recent years and one solution has been to provide more and better information about food production and regulation, especially through food assurance schemes. To look for evidence that this might be successful, this paper uses a small empirical study of how UK consumers think about food information and food assurance claims, using a statement sorting exercise (Q methodology) to identify key factors or shared views. We found that our consumers, despite differences in sociodemographics, gender, diet and shopping habits, tended to share a baseline of scepticism about food information and food assurance claims. We speculate that such scepticism may mean that, rather than providing a solution to the problem of distrust, food assurance schemes may themselves come to be distrusted. 相似文献
999.
We consider several ordinal formulations of submodularity, defined for arbitrary binary relations on lattices. Two of these formulations are essentially due to Kreps [Kreps, D.M., 1979. A representation theorem for “Preference for Flexibility”. Econometrica 47 (3), 565–578] and one is a weakening of a notion due to Milgrom and Shannon [Milgrom, P., Shannon, C., 1994. Monotone comparative statics. Econometrica 62 (1), 157–180]. We show that any reflexive binary relation satisfying either of Kreps’s definitions also satisfies Milgrom and Shannon’s definition, and that any transitive and monotonic binary relation satisfying the Milgrom and Shannon’s condition satisfies both of Kreps’s conditions. 相似文献
1000.
Several empirical studies have found a negative relationship between corruption and the decentralization of the powers to
tax and spend. In this paper we explain this phenomenon using a model of Yardstick Competition. Using data on federal corruption-related
convictions in U.S. states, we also provide new evidence that points to the existence of a spatial autoregressive component
to explaining corruption. We interpret this as consistent with the theoretical findings. 相似文献