Uncertainty,risk of default and the savings-consumption decision

Conclusion The relationship between uncertainty and the optimal savings-consumption decision has been discussed. A simple model has been used to show that the existence of default risk has potentially important effects on the nature of this relationship and should not be neglected in its analysis.     

Initiation of a formula for approximate valuation of premiums for disability benefits

Abstract

The premium for a deferred disability pension payable continually during maximum n years may be expressed by means of the well known fundamental symbolic letters as in recent times, the exact value (1) is often approximated ¹ This approximation formula (2), having been used for quite a length of time in Sweden and Norway, is now officially adopted in Switzerland for the new group insurance tariffs introduced in 1948. by the expression      

Organizational capital,production factor resources,and relative firm size in strategic equity alliances

Access to complementary resources through strategic equity alliance networks is an important activity for both smaller and larger firms. In the literature, there is an intensive debate on the impact of alliance resources for smaller firms. We submit that the effect of alliance resources on the smaller firm financial performance depends on the attributes of these resources. Specifically, we argue that the attributes of partner organizational capital are negatively related and the attributes of partner production factor resources are positively related to the smaller firm financial performance. We test our theoretical framework by applying a longitudinal analysis to a dataset of 1730 firm-year observations of strategic equity alliances in the software industry in 25 countries over an 11-year period. We find support for our hypotheses, highlighting the critical importance of resource attributes for smaller firms in strategic equity alliance networks.     

Resources access needs and capabilities as mediators of the relationship between VC firm size and syndication

Drawing from the resource-based view and transaction costs economics, we develop a theoretical framework to explain why small and large firms face different levels of resource access needs and resource access capabilities, which mediate the relationship between firm size and hybrid governance. Employing a sample of 317 venture capital firms, drawn across six European countries, we empirically assess our framework in the context of venture capital syndication. We estimate a path model using structural equation modeling and find, consistent with our theoretical framework, mediating effects of different types of resource access needs and resource access capabilities between VC firm size and syndication frequency. These findings advance the small business literature by highlighting the trade-offs that size imposes on firms that seek to manage their access to external resources through hybrid governance strategies.     

New telecommunications services in Austria : A technology assessment

Public fears have grown up surrounding the uncertain potential benefit or harm of recent rapid technological advances in Austrian telecommunications. A technology assessment was called for, to proffer comprehensive and balanced information on the current state of, and future developments in, Austrian telecommunications. This paper explains the organization of the Austrian PTT, discusses successful new services, considers their relationship to the law and the economy, and analyses their social impact.     

Copula Gaussian graphical models with penalized ascent Monte Carlo EM algorithm

Typical data that arise from surveys, experiments, and observational studies include continuous and discrete variables. In this article, we study the interdependence among a mixed (continuous, count, ordered categorical, and binary) set of variables via graphical models. We propose an ?₁‐penalized extended rank likelihood with an ascent Monte Carlo expectation maximization approach for the copula Gaussian graphical models and establish near conditional independence relations and zero elements of a precision matrix. In particular, we focus on high‐dimensional inference where the number of observations are in the same order or less than the number of variables under consideration. To illustrate how to infer networks for mixed variables through conditional independence, we consider two datasets: one in the area of sports and the other concerning breast cancer.     

Alternative approaches to the theory of the banking firm

During the past decade, the importance of a sound microeconomic foundation for aggregate economic analysis has been increasingly emphasized. In this context, a satisfactory theory of bank behaviour appears as an indispensable prerequisite for a clear understanding of the workings of the financial sector of the economy. This has led to the development of a substantial literature attempting to model and explain the behaviour of banking firms. This paper presents a survey and discussion of the various approaches which can be found in this literature. A special effort is made to present an integrated view of the real resource and financial aspect: of banking activities.