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131.
In this paper, we study the sources of industry employment growth in each of five metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). The objective is to understand the relative importance of aggregate disturbances versus local sectoral shocks in generating observed employment fluctuations at the MSA level. The empirical evidence presented in this paper derives from structural vector autoregressions (SVARs), estimated for each of the five MSAs. Estimations use monthly employment data covering nine one-digit industrial categories for the period 1951:1–1999:8, as well as two variables that capture the influences of aggregate (i.e., national) shocks on MSAs. We find that within-MSA industry shocks explain considerably more of the forecast error variance in industry employment growth than do aggregate shocks. Sectoral shocks account for between 87 and 94% of the 36-month-ahead forecast error variance. Among individual local sectors, shocks to MSA-specific government, manufacturing, and service sector employment growth are the predominate sources of variability. 相似文献
132.
Brown Gerald R. Matysiak George A. 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2000,20(1):49-66
Previous studies on real estate smoothing have generally focused on the second moment of returns for individual properties. Although this body of research has developed plausible reasons for explaining the observed lower risk associated with real estate, no explanation has, however, been offered to account for the large difference in serial correlation at the individual property level compared with the index level. This article addresses this issue and also offers an explanation for the difference in serial correlation observed with different frequency real estate indices. Employing the framework developed by Holbrook Working (1960), we argue that the high levels of serial correlation typically observed in real estate indices results from a combination of random and sticky appraisals that induce cross-correlations between the component returns. Using the concept of sticky values we question the results of Lai and Wang (1998) in which they argue that the variance of appraisal-based returns should always be greater than true returns. We argue that a pragmatic conclusion regarding volatility should be conditioned on the underlying stochastic processes. We draw a distinction between serial cross-sectional and temporal sticky appraisal processes that influence smoothing at the index and individual property levels. Our results indicate that smoothing does not appear to be a serious issue at the individual property level. However, when different appraisal processes are aggregated into an index the underlying cross-correlation between those processes can induce high levels of smoothing. 相似文献
133.
Political skill at work 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
134.
Accounting for derivatives has created uncertainties for preparers, auditors, regulators, and users of financial statements
alike. The complexity and variety of instruments as well as hedging and risk management techniques make derivatives reporting
a difficult subject. Developing consistent accounting rules in this area is made even more challenging since derivatives are
used in conjunction with assets and liabilities that, under the current accounting system, may be carried at historical cost,
fair value, or some hybrid of fair value and historical cost. Further, derivatives are used in connection with portfolios
of items as well as with economic assets and exposures that may not be recorded in financial statements under the current
model. 相似文献
135.
Conventional scale and scope economies are inadequate to determine the competitive viability of banks that vary in scale and product mix simultaneously. This paper develops two new and more general measures of multi-product economies. Slight diseconomies of scale and product mix are found for banks, usually on the order of 1 to 3 percent, which may be due to demand-side influences. These are robust to differing cost and output specifications, organizational levels, and competitive environments. These results differ from other banking studies that found scope economies, a conflict that may be due to methodological difficulties. 相似文献
136.
This paper presents an analysis of the impact of structural change on capital flight when the structural change constrains the monetary authorities' ability to impose an inflation tax. Implications for the conduct of economic policy in open economies are drawn from the experience of Ecuador. 相似文献
137.
Bernard Cova Gerald Gaglio Juliette Weber Philippe Chanial 《Journal of Business Ethics》2018,148(4):783-799
Researchers and managers alike are becoming increasingly interested in the topic of unethical consumer behavior. Where most studies view unethical behavior as something that is identifiable per se, the authors of the present article believe that it only exists because it has been constructed by people operating within a specific context. Hence the efforts made by this paper to explore, at the level of one specific organization, how interactions between employees and consumers might lead to the construct of unethical consumers. Based on a case study of France’s AMDM—a mutual insurance company set up to serve a client base comprising motorcyclists—the paper addresses how one group of consumers ends up being categorized as unethical by revealing the existence of a sensemaking process within the target organization. This process develops in three main phases: the nurturing of a shared ethos; the protection of employees’ recognized status; and the demonization of any group of consumers threatening this status. Managers incorporating this sensemaking process can avoid or mitigate the negative effects befalling organizations when these kinds of unethical consumer behavior are constructed. 相似文献
138.
DeBoskey D. G. Li Yutao Lobo Gerald J. Luo Yan 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2021,56(1):111-142
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting - We examine whether the predictive power of initial yield spreads of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) vary with the financial cycle. Using a... 相似文献
139.
It has been argued that “deep pockets” and the diversified structure of large firms enable them to engage in predatory pricing in order to force their pricing policy on smaller firms in a market. Although there is some case history evidence that large firms may actively intimidate smaller rivals, there is no evidence of a more generalized nature. Therefore, this study undertakes a cross section investigation of the effects of large, dominant firms on competition in local markets. The basic hypothesis is that the presence of large firms in a market will be reflected in relatively limited rivalry and poor profit and price performance. The analysis focuses on 259 local markets in commercial banking in each of the years 1966, 1970, and 1976. Regression results provide tentative support for the hypothesis. Prices tend to be relatively high and rivalry is weak in markets where dominant firms are relatively important. 相似文献
140.
The theoretical and empirical properties of M-squared, a measure of cash flow dispersion used in designing duration-hedged portfolios, are examined. Contrary to prior research, minimizing M-squared is not independent of the stochastic process and the minimum M-squared portfolio is a ‘bullet’ only under a specific, convexity condition derived in the paper.Using a data base of default-free, Government of Canada bonds to set up minimum M-squared, duration-matching portfolios, we find that the convexity property does not hold in general and that minimum M-squared portfolios fail to hedge as effectively as portfolios including a bond maturing on the horizon date. 相似文献