我国药物安全性评价及GLP的有效实施

我国新药在上市前,所进行的新药审批须经非临床与临床研究,其安全性评价尤为重要。新药非临床安全性研究的最终目的就是为了降低临床研究安全性方面的风险性,只有当GLP标准表明该药有充分的安全性和有效性,才可进入临床研究。由于我国医药行业存在诸多问题,多数新药临床前安全性评价不符合GLP标准,不得上市造福人类,药企也面临着无法生存的难题。因此,必须坚持和落实科学发展观,确保新药安全性评价以及GLP的有效实施。     

拓宽专业口径,优化课程体系,培养新世纪合格人才

在实施科教兴国战略的过程中 ,作为知识创新、传播与应用和培养创新精神和创新人才摇篮的高等学校 ,面对新世纪对人才的需求 ,拓宽专业口径 ,改革人才培养模式 ,探索宽口径专业下培养适应社会需求的高质量人才 ,全面推进素质教育 ,增强学生未来工作的适应性是摆在高等学校面前的重要课题     

基于卫生资源利用效率视角下的健康公平实现研究

面对卫生资源利用效率低下导致健康不公平的现实,从医疗资源利用效率角度运用数据包络分析方法,对我国31个省级行政区的卫生资源利用效率进行了比较分析。由各省份在技术效率、投入冗余和产出不足三个方面参差不齐的表现,提出了DEA非有效省份与DEA有效省份健康差距的缩小主要依赖于控制卫生机构规模、缩减不必要的资源配置、使卫生产出与需求保持平衡,并根据实际情况探索提高效率的途径,促进健康公平。     

Optimal policy with credibility concerns

This paper considers a reputation model of optimal taxation in which the public is unsure about the government type. A long-lived government can be trustworthy (meaning that it commits to its announced tax rate) or opportunistic (meaning that it retains the ability to change its tax rate after announcing it). Unlike in most prior studies, the committed strategy in this model is optimally chosen by the trustworthy type. We show that this change has significant consequences for the equilibrium dynamics. The optimal committed strategy is found to vary with the time preferences of the two government types, the initial reputation of the government, and the elasticity of household production. This formulation explains differences in policy responses across governments in the face of similar credibility problems.     

Modes of Foreign Direct Investment and Intellectual Property Rights Protection: Wholly‐owned or Joint Venture? Firm‐level Evidence from Taiwanese Multinational Manufacturing Enterprises

This paper finds evidence from Taiwanese manufacturing multinational enterprises (MNEs) for the period 2003–2005 to show that Taiwanese manufacturing MNEs are more likely to choose joint ventures (JVs) if intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection in the foreign direct investment (FDI) host country is strong. The estimation results suggest that if a country with an IPR strength similar to the level of Chile increases its IPR protection to the strength of Taiwan, the probability of forming JVs in that country will increase by 13.8%. One policy implication of this study is that developing countries can stimulate local participation by IPR reform.     

Assessment of the agricultural sustainability of Shaanxi Province,China

It is significant for the study on the sustainable development of regional agriculture to monitor and measurethe trend of agricultural development with an effective method. The sustainable development of regional agricultureshould accord with regional population, rural economic development, social progress, resource and environmentalsupport. This paper establishes the evaluating indicators system of sustainable development of regional agriculture,evaluates the agricultural sustainable development in Shaanxi Province with a comprehensive multi-indicator method,analyzes the support of resource and environment for regional agriculture by the resource-development index and theenvironment-development index, and gets the conclusion that the indicators, such as education level, the income gapbetween urban and rural residents, the per capita area under cultivation and the consumption of pesticides and chemicalfertilizers per hectare, are the main factors to restrict agricultural sustainability, and that the pressure of the developmentof subsystems of population, economy and society on the subsystems of resource and environment turns out to bestronger and stronger. Agricultural environment gets better, but resource becomes one of the important factors to restrictthe development of regional agriculture. In a word, this paper highlights the potentials and limitations of sustainableagriculture of Shaanxi and helps identify the development direction in the future.     

我国两部门劳动生产率增长及国际比较(1978-2005)-巴拉萨萨缪尔森效应与人民币实际汇率关系的重新考察

依据巴拉萨萨缪尔森效应假说,一国经济追赶伴随的可贸易部门劳动生产率的“相对相对增长”会派生本币实际汇率升值趋势。本文对改革开放以来我国可贸易与不可贸易部门劳动生产率各自增长、相对增长、国际比较增长等指标进行系统估测,发现上述结构性生产率指标与人民币实际汇率之间的关系存在与巴拉萨萨缪尔森效应假说推论一致的经验证据;利用人均或劳均产出等总量性生产率指标检验这一理论对人民币实际汇率的解释力,则存在理论假说变量与度量指标选择不兼容的问题。     

社会资本的作用随市场化进程减弱还是加强?-来自中国农村贫困的实证研究

在市场化转型的过程中,社会资本作为一种非市场力量,它的作用会随着市场化进程减弱还是加强?本文以农村贫困为例,研究了市场化如何影响社会资本的作用。本文发现:(1)社会网络和公共信任能显著地减少贫困,而且在社区层面的作用尤其明显;(2)随着市场化程度的提高,社会资本减少贫困的作用总体上来说会减少,其中,家庭层面的社会网络的作用减少得尤其显著,而社会层面的社会资本的作用却不会显著下降。     

我国建筑服务贸易国际竞争力影响因素的实证分析

用我国建筑服务贸易出口额表示建筑服务贸易国际竞争力,从微观、中观、宏观层面分析影响我国建筑服务贸易国际竞争力的因素。实证结果表明:我国建筑服务业的发展程度、市场开放度和技术创新能力与我国建筑服务贸易国际竞争力具有正向关系,其中,市场开放度的影响最大,其次是建筑业的发展程度和技术创新能力。在此基础上,提出如下提升我国建筑服务贸易国际竞争力的措施:提高建筑服务企业技术创新的推广及应用力度;完善产业政策;建立统一、开放、竞争、有序的建筑市场环境。     

产学研合作中的技术定价问题研究

合作各方利益分配不合理被认为是影响产学研合作效果的关键因素之一,而合作各方利益分配的比例又是通过技术价格反映出来的。正确认识技术价格的形成机理,遵循合作双方均认可接受的计价原则,采用分成率动态浮动的利润分享率法计算、确定技术价格,可以有效破解产学研合作中由于合作双方无法达成公平、合理的技术价格,而导致合作关系破裂直至失败的现实困境,积极推动大学、科研院所的技术成果向企业转移,不断提高科技成果转化率。