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401.
In an evolutionary game-theoretical model of tourism firms that use an endogenous natural Common Pool Resource (CPR) we show that stable equilibria with voluntary environmental initiatives may coexist with other equilibria where voluntary abatement is absent. The basins of attraction of the equilibria are identified and a bifurcation analysis is carried out producing two results with policy implications. First, there is a highly non-linear relationship between the cost of abatement required to be green and the share of green firms. Second, increases in the number of the CPR's users will ultimately dissipate the incentives to make abatement beyond regulation. 相似文献
402.
Diego Bastourre Jorge Carrera Javier Ibarlucia 《Review of International Economics》2009,17(4):861-877
Foreign reserve accumulation is a widespread phenomenon of recent years, particularly among emerging economies. Using a panel of 136 countries for the period 1973–2003, we demonstrate the need of using both a dynamic specification of the reserve demand equation and the system GMM estimator. These improvements change the results found by previous studies. Openness, regional imitation, persistence, an inverted U-shaped relationship between reserves and income level, and financial deregulation are the factors driving reserve hoardings. In contrast, reserves yield, and both trade and financial volatility are not statistically significant. Surprisingly, we find that countries with flexible exchange rate regimes have higher ratios of reserves to GDP. This result is robust to alternative exchange rate regime classifications. 相似文献
403.
We examine the predictive power of term spreads as predictors of economic recessions in Europe and the US. Using a battery of methodologies that include endogenous changepoint detection we find that the predictive power of spread-type variables has changed significantly during the 1980s and 1990s: in the most advanced countries the domestic spread has lost its informative content in favor of international – US and German – spreads, whereas in less developed countries this informational content has appeared during the late 1980s. Given the theoretical arguments for the predictive power, these findings suggest that domestic monetary policy may have become less effective in the most developed countries of the sample. 相似文献
404.
The evolution of the world trade web: a weighted-network analysis 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
This paper employs a weighted network approach to study the empirical properties of the web of trade relationships among world
countries, and its evolution over time. We show that most countries are characterized by weak trade links; yet, there exists
a group of countries featuring a large number of strong relationships, thus hinting to a core-periphery structure. Also, better-connected
countries tend to trade with poorly-connected ones, but are also involved in highly-interconnected trade clusters. Furthermore,
rich countries display more intense trade links and are more clustered. Finally, all network properties are remarkably stable
across the years and do not depend on the weighting procedure. 相似文献
405.
This article seeks to extend knowledge of the mackerel (Scomber scombrus) market in the Basque Country (a region in Spain) by analysing possible relationships between this and other species with similar characteristics such as the sardine (Sardina pilchardus), the horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and the Atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias), all of them landed at the ports of the Basque Country. Specifically, the goal is to learn whether these other species can be considered as mackerel substitutes. To that end, a fractional cointegration analysis of different series of historical prices is performed using a novel method never before used in studies of this type. The results indicate that mackerel have no substitutes, and thus form a mono-species regional market. This implies, among other things, that their price is not influenced by the prices of other species, and this should be taken into account by managers when designing management measures and policies to improve the sustainability of the fishing of this species. 相似文献
406.
407.
408.
Javier Díaz-Gimnez Edward C. Prescott Terry Fitzgerald Fernando Alvarez 《Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control》1992,16(3-4)
In this paper we develop a computable general equilibrium economy that models the banking sector explicitly. Banks intermediate between households and between the household sector and the government sector. Households borrow from banks to finance their purchases of houses and they lend to banks to save for retirement. Banks pool households' savings and they purchase interest-bearing government debt and non-interest-bearing reserves. We use this structure to answer two sets of questions: one normative in nature that evaluates the welfare costs of alternative monetary and tax policies, and one positive in nature that studies the real effects of following a procyclical interest-rate policy rule. 相似文献
409.
In this paper, the distribution of a statistic based on the likelihood ratio method for testing the dimensionality of regression
coefficients has been derived. The method of integration over alternate variables has been used to derive the results. 相似文献
410.
We use data on sequential water auctions to estimate demand when units are complements or substitutes. A sequential English auction model determines the estimating structural equations. When units are complements, one bidder wins all units by paying a high price for the first unit, thus deterring others from bidding on subsequent units. When units are substitutes, different bidders win the units with positive probability, paying prices similar in magnitude. We recover individual demand consistent with this stark pattern of outcomes and confirm it is not collusive but consistent with noncooperative behavior. Demand estimates are biased if one ignores these features. 相似文献