Clinical nursing practices and patient outcomes: evaluation, evolution, and revolution (legitimizing radical change to maximize nurses' time for quality care)

Today's environment demands revolutionary as well as evolutionary changes in practice patterns. All clinical practices must be critically examined in terms of their contributions to quality patient outcomes, and their effects on nurses' time and morale.     

Apparel preferences of pregnant employed women

Women who have postponed childbirth to become established in a career are now embarking on parenthood while continuing to work throughout much of the pregnancy. As a result, pregnant employed women need clothing that will project an appropriate image. The purpose of this research was to determine the types of garments that pregnant employed women prefer to wear to work and to identify factors influencing the selection of those garments. Results indicated that there were differences among age range groups in selection of workplace attire, and among educational level groups in general fashion appeal of classically styled garments, selection of attire for the workplace, selection of nylon for the summer season, and in care required for garments. There were differences among income range groups in the classic category of general fashion appeal, in the selection of silk fibre for winter wear, and in care required for garments. This study supported the concept of a new and separate segment of the consumer market dealing with pregnant employed women. They have special needs for attire based on age range, educational level, and income range, that will project an appropriate image in the workplace and offer physical and psychological comfort as well.     

Comecon: A “Trade-Destroying” Customs Union?

In traditional theory the nations forming a customs union reduce barriers among themselves but maintain tariffs against nonmembers at the pre-customs-union level. This leads to trade creation and/or trade diversion. It is argued here that the formation of Comecon led to trade destruction and that this resulted because the members of Comecon were poorly suited to trade with each other and increased significantly barriers to trade with nonmembers. Thus trade with nonmembers that could not be replaced at low-enough cost at home or by member trading partners was eliminated.     

Asymptotic least-squares estimation efficiency considerations and applications

This paper is concerned with the large sample efficiency of the asymptotic least-squares (ALS) estimators introduced by Gouriéroux, Monfort, and Trognon (1982, 1985) and Chamberlain (1982, 1984). We show how the efficiency of these estimators is affected when additional information is incorporated into the estimation procedure. The relationship between ALS and maximum likelihood is discussed. It is shown that ALS can be used to obtain asymptotically efficient estimates for a large range of econometric models. Many results from the literature on estimation are special cases of the framework adopted in this paper. An application of ALS to a dynamic rational expections factor demand model in the manufacturing sector in The Netherlands demonstrates the potential of the method in the estimation of the parameters in models which are subject to nonlinear cross-equation restrictions.     

挖掘汽车分销潜力的成功要素

为了自身的利益，美国的经销商和制造商能够而且必须联合起来。     

Gibbsian and non-Gibbsian states at Eurandom

We review some of the work on non-Gibbsian states of the last 10 years, emphasizing the developments in which Eurandom played a role.