Citizenship in transition: Globalization,postindustrial technology and education

This paper explores the changes associated with the move from an industrial to a postindustrial society and discusses the corresponding shifts in education. After reviewing a number of contemporary responses to the present crisis within society, the paper examines some of the implications for the concept of citizenship and suggests that, while much remains unknown, the task of education in a postindustrial society will still be to furnish knowledge and skills that articulate with the requirements of social life.This paper is adapted from Royal Bank Lecture presented as a keynote address at the Annual Colloquium of the MSTE Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, April 7th, 1995. Proceedings of the Colloquium are available as Hills, S. (ed.) Life after School: Education, Globalization and the Person, Kingston Ontario, MSTE Group, 1995.     

Applying marketing strategy to private source grantsmanship

As funding opportunities for research and program development continue to decrease, faculty and administrators must understand, to be competitive, that a large part of grantsmanship is marketing. This paper discusses the rationale for seeking grant support, how faculty can identify potential funding sources, and how to target the final submission of the proposal. Understanding these topics will assist faculty in developing those skills required for competing successfully in an increasingly competitive environment.     

Putting your company's whole brain to work

Innovate or fall behind: the competitive imperative for virtually all businesses today is that simple. Responding to that command is difficult, however, because innovation takes place when different ideas, perceptions, and ways of processing and judging information collide. And it often requires collaboration among players who see the world differently. As a result, the conflict that should take place constructively among ideas all too often ends up taking place unproductively among people. Disputes become personal, and the creative process breaks down. The manager successful at fostering innovation figures out how to get different approaches to grate against one another in a productive process the authors call creative abrasion. The authors have worked with a number of organizations over the years and have observed many managers who know how to make creative abrasion work for them. Those managers understand that different people have different thinking styles: analytical or intuitive, conceptual or experiential, social or independent, logical or values driven. They deliberately design a full spectrum of approaches and perspectives into their organizations and understand that cognitively diverse people must respect other thinking styles. They set ground rules for working together to discipline the creative process. Above all, managers who want to encourage innovation need to examine what they do to promote or inhibit creative abrasion.     

Studying the Child/Television Advertising Relationship: A Symbolic Interactionist Approach

The authors argue that research has focused too narrowly on the effects of television advertising on children. To fully understand the child/television advertising relationship, it is their position that it is necessary to actually examine the social character of child viewing situations. They present the logic of the naturalistic method of symbolic interactionism as an alternative approach for developing a more complete understanding of television advertising in the lives of child viewers.     

Book Review

Kindleberger, Charles P., The International Economic Order: Essays on Financial Crisis and International Public Goods, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1988, xi + 235 pages.

Root, Franklin R., International Trade and Investment (6th ed.), Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing Co., 1990, viii + 696 pages.

Krugman, Paul, Rethinking International Trade, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1990, viii + 282 pages.

Schmiegelow, Michele, and Henrik Schmiegelow, Strategic Pragmatism: Japanese Lessons in the Use of Economic Theory, New York: Praeger, 1989, 212 pages.

Lynn, Leonard H., and Timothy J. McKeown, Organizing Business: Trade Associations in America and Japan, Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1988, xviii +191 pages.

Patterson, Seymour, The Microeconomics of Trade, Kirksville, MO: Thomas Jefferson University Press, 1989, vii + 223 pages.

Whalley, John, The Uruguay Round and Beyond—Final Report from the Ford Foundation Project on Developing Countries and the Global Trading System, Ann Arbor: MI: The University of Michigan Press, 1989, xi + 211 pages.

Baumol, William J., Edward N. Wolff, and Sue Anne Batey Blackman, Productivity and American Leadership: The Long View, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1989, x + 395 pages.

Carter, Barry E., International Economic Sanctions: Improving the Haphazard U.S. Legal Regime, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988, xiv + 290 pages.

Dornbusch, Rudiger, The Road to Economic Recovery: Report of the Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on International Debt, Background Paper, New York: Priority Press, 1989, vi + 123 pages.

Edwards, Sebastian, Real Exchange Rates, Devaluation and Adjustment, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1989, xi + 371 pages.     

Toward an Associative Model of Advertising Creativity

It has been assumed that the associative process plays a central and important role in advertising creativity. Yet, although this assumption has long been recognized, we know very little, other than intuitively, about the creative process itself. This paper represents a preliminary inquiry into this gap of advertising theory, formulating an associative model for the individual copywriter's creative process. More specifically, this study examines the relationship of associative ability, attitude, and creative ability, as conceptualized in the presented model. The findings suggest a direct and significant relationship among these three variables.     

Value,sign, and social structure: the ‘game’ metaphor and modern social science

This exploratory paper, part of continued work on the history of game theory, seeks to illustrate certain links between von Neumann's theory of games and contemporaneous ideas in other fields. In particular, we claim that the emergence of the analytical metaphor of the ‘game’ in economics can be viewed as part of a general reconceptualization of theory in a range of disciplines. That methodological reconstitution may be described as the emergence of a Structuralist view, an approach to theorizing which treated its object – be that a text, a kinship arrangement, or an economy – as a self-contained system, with its own internal logic, subject to its own ‘laws’. In particular, individual texts, or observed social and economic arrangements, are now viewed as variations on an underlying logical theme, on a structural invariant. The latter is to be uncovered, in the case of linguistics, through the analysis of phonemes; in kinship analysis, through the rules governing the exchange of women because of the incest taboo; in von Neumann and Morgensterns game theory, through the possibilities for equilibrium coalition formation, based on the stable set. There thus emerged a tendency, across the intellectual spectrum, towards seeing things in combinatorialterms. Theoretical coherence was to be found in examining how objects ‘held together’ rather than analysing where they ‘came from’: nineteenth-century concerns with history, evolution and individual psychology give way to a distinctly modern emphasis on synchronic, formal structure, on analogical reasoning. Atomism gave way to holism, and formal elegance superceded immediate empirical content. Recourse to the metaphor of the ‘game’ was constitutive of this shift, which we examine by referring to Saussures General Course in Linguistics, to Formalism in mathematics and literary analysis, to Lévi-Strauss's analysis of kinship and myth, and to von Neumann and Morgenstern's Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour.