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881.
Die Renten aus der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung werden aufgrund der demografischen Entwicklung sowohl für M?nner als auch
für Frauen relativ zu den Erwerbseinkommen sinken. Frauen sind dabei zus?tzlich spezifischen Rentenrisiken ausgesetzt. Um
die Unterschiede zukünftig auszugleichen, helfen insbesondere Ma?nahmen, die die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf verbessern. 相似文献
882.
Mit der Rentenreform 2001 wurde das Ziel der Lebensstandardsicherung der bundesdeutschen gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung (GRV)
aufgegeben. Stattdessen sollte die Sicherung des Lebensstandards im Alter auf „drei S?ulen“ ruhen. Im Lichte dieses grundlegend
ver?nderten Sicherungsziels muss die Frage der Rentenanpassungssystematik neu diskutiert werden. Eine Rentenanpassung ohne
Sicherungsziel ist — das zeigen die vergangenen zehn Jahre — letztlich diskretion?r und intransparent. In dem vorliegenden
Beitrag wird daher für eine vereinfachte Anpassungsformel mit integriertem Sicherungsziel pl?diert. 相似文献
883.
Is there really an Asian connection? Professional service quality perceptions and customer satisfaction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Linda C. Ueltschy Michel Laroche Man Zhang Hyuksoo Cho Ren Yingwei 《Journal of Business Research》2009,62(10):972-979
Scenarios involving dental services investigate whether Asian cultures are similar enough to allow standardization of service offerings. The authors control and manipulate levels of service quality and performance to yield a 2 × 2 experimental design, with Japanese, Chinese, and Korean subjects (N = 637) selected to test the invariance of the measures. The findings yield significant cultural differences with the Chinese respondents perceiving significantly higher service quality and expressing greater customer satisfaction when performance is high and expressing less customer satisfaction when performance is low than do the Japanese and Korean respondents. Thus, even though all three countries are considered high-context cultures, having their roots in Confucianism, differences in national culture lead to the conclusion that “one size does not fit all” in terms of service offerings. 相似文献
884.
The motivation for the present study is to understand food choice in relation to animal food production and to study how preferences
are influenced by information. To do this, we carried out a choice experiment. In the analysis, we focus on chickens reared
indoors and outdoors and chicken labelled campylobacter-free versus non-labelled chicken. The results suggest that there is
a positive willingness to pay (WTP) both for chicken reared outdoors and for campylobacter-free labelled chicken. Information
about rearing methods resulted in a higher WTP for chicken reared outdoors, while information about campylobacter had both
positive and negative effects on respondents’ WTP. The highest increase in WTP for campylobacter-free labelled chicken was
found for one of the high risk groups, individuals with poor kitchen hygiene. 相似文献
885.
Klaus G. Grunert Liisa Lähteenmäki Yasemin Boztug Emilia Martinsdóttir Øydis Ueland Annika Åström Piritta Lampila 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2009,32(3):269-287
Health claim perception was investigated by a web-based instrument with a sample of 4,612 respondents in the Nordic countries
(Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden). Respondents decided which of a pair of claims sounded better, was easier to understand
and was more convincing in their opinion. Claims were constructed from an underlying universe combining different active ingredients
(familiar, unfamiliar), type of claim (combination of information about ingredient, physiological function and health benefit),
framing (positive, negative), and use of qualifier (with, without “may”). Across pairs, the claims differed in the health
benefit addressed (cardiovascular health, dementia, bodyweight). Results showed that respondents could be grouped into two
roughly equally sized classes that differed in the type of claim preferred: one class prefers “long” claims that give the
full story consisting of active ingredient, physiological function and health benefit, whereas the other prefers “short” claims
consisting of the health benefit only. Results also showed that the familiar ingredient is preferred to the unfamiliar one,
whereas effects of positive versus negative framing depended on the type of health benefit addressed. 相似文献
886.
Softlifting: Exploring Determinants of Attitude 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tim Goles Bandula Jayatilaka Beena George Linda Parsons Valrie Chambers David Taylor Rebecca Brune 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,77(4):481-499
Softlifting, or the illegal duplication of copyrighted software by individuals for personal use, is a serious and costly problem
for software developers and distributors. Understanding the factors that determine attitude toward softlifting is important
in order to ascertain what motivates individuals to engage in the behavior. We examine a number of factors, including personal
moral obligation (PMO), perceived usefulness, and awareness of the laws and regulations governing software acquisition and
use, along with facets of personal self-identity that may play a role in the development of attitudes and therefore intentions
regarding this behavior. These factors are examined across multiple settings expected to be pertinent to our survey respondents:
home, work and school. Personal moral obligation and perceived usefulness are significant predictors of attitude across all
settings. Past behavior is a significant predictor of intention across all settings, and a significant predictor of attitude
in the home setting. We find evidence that awareness of the law causes a less favorable evaluation of softlifting in the school
setting only, but has little effect in the home and work settings. As in previous studies, attitude is a significant predictor
of intent. We do not find indications that one’s personal self-identity influences one’s attitude towards the behavior and
the intention to perform it, except in the case of legal identity, where marginally significant effects are found in the work
environment.
Dr. Tim Goles is an assistant Professor in the Information Systems Department of the University of Texas-San Antonio. He has
numerous publications, most of which pertain to information systems.
Dr. Bandula Jayatilaka is an Assistant Professor in the School of Mangement in Binghamton University-SUNY. Most of his publications
pertain to information systems.
Dr. Beena George is an Assistant Professor at the Cameron School of Business, University of St. Thomas, Houston, Most of her
pblications pertain to information systems.
Dr. Linda Parsons is an Assistant Professor in the Accounting Department at George Mason University. Most of her publications
pertain to accounting information systems and nonprofit organizations.
Dr. David S. Taylor is an Assitant Professor at Sam Houston State University. Most of his publications pertain to information
systems.
Rebecca Brune has a strong accounting background; her work is predominantly in the information systems field. 相似文献
887.
Linda Schweitzer 《Business Horizons》2008,51(6):555
In the battle for high-value talent, managers need to think like marketers, creating job offerings and employment relationships that provide mutual value for firms and their employees. This article provides a 3-stage framework for the application of marketing techniques to the recruitment and retention of high-value employees. In the first stage, the 4Ps of the marketing mix are used to create compelling job offerings that attract high-value employees. In the second stage, firms use relationship marketing concepts to build long-lasting employment relationships that create mutual value for the firm and its employees. The third stage involves the outcomes of high-value employment relationships, which include greater employee commitment and satisfaction, which then lead to greater employee advocacy of the firm and lower levels of employee turnover. The ultimate proposed outcomes of this approach are increased performance and stability of the firm. 相似文献
888.
For stakeholders, such as investors and lenders, to appropriately assess a company’s financial performance, the reported accounting
earnings must closely reflect the economic reality of the organization’s financial activity throughout the reporting period.
The degree to which reported earnings capture economic reality is called earnings quality. Managers have an ethical obligation
to report high quality earnings to interested stakeholders in a timely matter. Accounting research has identified conditions
within an organization, such as management compensation contracts and pending litigation that can impact earnings quality.
We extend this line of research by exploring whether another characteristic of an organization, gender diversity in senior
management, influences the quality of reported earnings. Companies with more women in senior management are found to be more
profitable and have higher stock returns after initial public offerings than those with fewer women in the management ranks.
Our findings suggest that the improved bottom line for companies with more women senior executives is not produced through
the management of earnings or lower quality earnings. Instead, earnings quality is positively associated with gender diversity
in senior management.
Gopal Krishnan is an associate professor and holds the VSCPA Northern Chapter Professorship in Public Accounting at the School
of Management at George Mason University. He has published several articles on corporate governance and the role of auditors
in journals such as Accounting Horizons, Contemporary Accounting Research, Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance and Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory.
Linda Parsons is an assistant professor at the School of Management at George Mason University. She is the author of several
papers that examine the value relevance of accounting in the nonprofit sector, especially as it impacts decision-making by
donors. Her work has appeared in journals such as Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, Research in Governmental and Nonprofit Accounting, and Journal of Accounting Literature. 相似文献
889.
This paper examines the professions as examples of “moral community” and explores how professional leaders possessed of moral
intelligence can make a contribution to enhance the ethical fabric of their communities. The paper offers a model of ethical
leadership in the professional business sector that will improve our understanding of how ethical behavior in the professions
confers legitimacy and sustainability necessary to achieving the professions’ goals, and how a leadership approach to ethics
can serve as an effective tool for the dissemination of moral values in the organization.
Dr. Linda M. Sama is Director of the Center for International Business Development and Associate Professor of Management at
Pace University’s Lubin School of Business. She earned her Ph.D. in Strategic management from the City University of New York
and her MBA in International Finance from McGill University. She was awarded the 1999 Lasdon Dissertation Award for her doctoral
dissertation on corporate social response strategies and the Abraham Briloff Award of Best Paper in Business Ethics at the
City University of New York in 1998. Dr. Sama made a transition to academe after a lengthy career in industry, where she acted
as Director of Market Planning and Logistics for a major international subsidiary of Transamerica Corporation. She teaches
primarily in the areas of International Business, Strategic Managements and Business Ethics, and has taught at Baruch College
and the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) prior to coming to Pace in the fall of 2001. At UTEP, she was designated as
the Skno International Business Ethics Scholar from 1999–2001. She has published numerous articles and book chapters that
address issues of corporate social responsibility, business and the natural environment, integrative social contracts theory,
and business ethics dilemmas in the new economy. Her research appears in journals such as The Journal of Business Ethics,
Business Ethics Quarterly, Business and Society Review, The Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, and the International Journal
of Value-Based Management. She has also published research for the U.S. Department of Transportation related to the effects
of NAFTA on U.S. – Mexico border logistics and has consulted to business clients on Strategic Planning, Global Leadership
and Business Ethics. Dr. Victoria Shoaf is an Associate Professor and Assistant Chair of the Department of Accounting and
Taxation at St. John’s University. She received her Ph.D. in Business, with a specialization in Accounting, from Baruch College
of the City University of New York in 1997; she was awarded the 1997 Lasdon Dissertation Award. Prior to joining St. John’s
University on a full-time basis, Dr.Shoaf worked for over fifteen years in the retail industry with merchandising firms. Her
expertise is in establishing effective accounting systems and controls, including operational functions such as order entry
and fulfillment, inventory control, point-of-sale data transfers and sales audit, as well as financial accounting functions.
She has held controllership positions at Laura Ashley, Inc., Greeff Fabrics, Inc., and Tie Rack, Inc. While working in industry
and while completing her doctoral degree, Dr. Shoaf taught accounting courses as an adjunct instructor at Pace University
and at Baruch College. She received a commendation from the dean at Pace University for teaching excellence, and she was awarded
a Graduate Teaching Fellowship at Baruch College. She currently serves on several professional committees, and she has provided
consulting services in accounting education and training programs for several large employers. 相似文献
890.
Properties of emerging organizations: An empirical test 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Candida G. Brush Tatiana S. Manolova Linda F. Edelman 《Journal of Business Venturing》2008,23(5):547-566
The process of new venture creation is central to the field of entrepreneurship. The effects of initial organizing have a direct influence on survival, yet empirical examination of the dimensions of emergent organizations is limited. Using longitudinal data on nascent entrepreneurs, this paper empirically tests four properties of emerging organizations-intentionality, resources, boundary and exchange- and their effect on likelihood of continued organizing [Katz, J., Gartner, W.B., 1988. Properties of emerging organizations. Academy of Management Review 13(3), 429–441]. Our results suggest that all four properties are necessary for firm survival in the short-term and those firms that organize more slowly are more likely to continue to organize. Further, nascent ventures in which intentionality preceded the other organizing properties were not significantly more likely to continue in the organizing effort. Our results suggest an extension of the original Katz and Gartner [Katz, J., Gartner, W.B., 1988. Properties of emerging organizations. Academy of Management Review 13(3), 429–441] framework. 相似文献