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91.
92.
We analyze the impact of trade integration on plant TFP using Chilean plant-level data (1982–1999) and 3-digit bilateral trade
flows. Our contribution is to disentangle the impact of export and import barriers, estimated as border effects within a multilateral
context. A fall in export barriers is positively correlated with plant productivity in traded sectors. The reduction of import
barriers, however, can only be associated to productivity improvements in export-oriented sectors. In import-competing sectors
a robust positive correlation shows up between plant productivity and protection. We then test several channels linking trade
integration and firm productivity. 相似文献
93.
The airport problem is a widely studied allocation problem, with the aim of providing simple and fair sharing rule for the landing fees. In this note we introduce some fairness criteria and characterize the classical Baker-Thompson allocation rule. 相似文献
94.
Modern science is characterized by an increasing trend in collaborations and interactions among researchers. This paper aims to analyse the effects of this phenomenon on the productivity of the science sector and on the growth rate of the economy. Basic research is modelled as a contest where only those who arrive first at an innovation obtain the reward and where the interactions among researchers do contribute to production of scientific knowledge. An important result is that when interactions are significant multiple steady states emerge. Hence the ‘science globalization’ process could have enhanced the heterogeneity among scientific sectors of different countries. When there are low interactions, policies that increase connectivity could have low or even perverse effect at improving the efficiency of science, the contrary happens in high connectivity environments. 相似文献
95.
96.
Insensitivity to scope is an issue of much debate in contingent valuation (CV) even today. Although the literature about insensitivity to scope is abundant, the reasons for it are not yet well known. Through a meta-analysis of CV studies of biodiversity, the treatment of the different possible measures of the quantity of the good is explored in relation to scope sensitivity. Overall, the findings suggest that CV results are sensitive to the amount of the good being valued, although the result depends on how the environmental change is measured. Results support the use of absolute sizes when conducting CV studies. 相似文献
97.
We examine the role of school grades as a signal of worker productivity under different examination systems in relation to
errors that may affect student performance. Firms use school grades as a signal of workers’ effective skills, taking into
account that these evaluations are effected by stochastic shocks. We show that more precise evaluation systems, being associated
with a higher reactivity of wages to school grades, induce students to provide more effort. Low ability students tend to react
less than high ability students. Moreover, individuals with low abilities may prefer less accurate evaluation systems. Nevertheless,
when productivity increases, these systems become less convenient and the number of individuals preferring them diminishes.
Our analysis highlights an important trade-off between centralised and decentralised evaluation systems. On the one hand,
frequent evaluations, typical of decentralised systems, weaken the impact on grades of those errors which influence student
performance and, so, reduce signal noise, while, on the other hand, different teachers generally adopt different performance
assessment standards, leading to noisier evaluations. 相似文献
98.
Maria Berrittella 《Empirical Economics》2010,39(1):167-181
Intermodal transport has been recognized as a priority by the European Union, that has defined different budget allocations
of investments to improve the shifting from road to intermodal transport, which is more sustainable. In this context, the
main aim of the paper is to discuss the macroeconomic effects, in terms of economic growth, welfare and trade, of these public
investments for combined transport, which aspects have been neglected in literature. A multi-country computable general equilibrium
model has been used. The main results have been that the European Union benefits from these investments, but at international
level, USA and Japan would lose in terms of welfare. Furthermore, the welfare change has been decomposed in its components
and the results show that the trade effects are higher than the allocative effects. The robustness of the results has been
tested over time and by a sensitivity analysis of the exchange rate. 相似文献
99.
The authors report on the development of a novel construct, internal environmental locus of control (INELOC), which captures consumers’ multifaceted attitudes pertaining to personal responsibility towards and ability to affect environmental outcomes. Using data gathered from a sample of consumers, the linkages between INELOC and a wide array of environmental behaviors were investigated. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed four first‐order dimensions (“green consumer,” “activism,” “advocate,” and “recycling attitudes”) embedded within a second‐order INELOC factor. Structural equations modeling techniques showed that INELOC was a strong positive predictor of many behaviors. However, the nature of the attitude–behavior relationship varied considerably across behavioral contexts, implying that people do not consistently behave in a proenvironmental manner. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
100.
Luisa Maria Tumbajoy Cardona Rosley Anholon Dirceu da Silva Robert Eduardo Cooper Ordóñez Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves Quelhas 《Latin American Business Review》2013,14(3-4):297-321
This article aims to evaluate the production line automation projects developed by Brazilian and Colombian companies from the Project Management perspective, through the analysis of the application degree of PMBOK processes, to understand how formal techniques are being employed in these countries and also to identify improvement opportunities, when necessary. Data were collected through a survey. The similarity index between the ten processes, with the highest application degree in the Brazilian and Colombian samples, was 70%. For the processes with the lowest application degree, the similarity index was 60%. No similar study was found in the literature. 相似文献