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11.
The executive agency programme has moved ahead rapidly since its introduction in 1988 and by 1996 over 70% of all civil servants were working under executive agency conditions. This has resulted in a major change in the structure of the civil service and in the management of the activities of central government. The question that then emerges concerns the benefits, if any, that these changes have brought about. This paper reports the results of a survey of a sample of senior managers in executive agencies. The survey attempted to ascertain the extent to which agencification was felt to have led to increases in autonomy and freedom to manage and also to obtain the views of managers on a range of issues including changes in operational effectiveness and quality of service delivery. These, after all, are some of the key measures of the success or otherwise of the agencification programme. The survey also examined changes in specific management accounting practices and a broad overview of the findings is provided in the paper. In general, it seems that the senior managers of executive agencies do feel that agencification has achieved many of the benefits hoped for and that is has brought about changes and improvements in management and management accounting practices. 相似文献
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Anouk Evers Maurice Gesthuizen 《International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing》2011,16(4):381-392
In this paper, we answer the question as to what extent donating to activist, interest, and leisure organizations is affected by both individual and national levels of generalized and institutional trust. We use the European Social Survey 2002 to estimate multilevel random intercept models, based on more than 33 000 individuals living in 19 European countries and the USA. Our results show very consistent positive impacts of both individual generalized trust and institutional trust on donating to all types of organizations. The effects are strongest for donating to activist organizations and absent only for the relation between institutional trust and donating to interest organizations. At the national level, generalized trust positively affects donations to activist and leisure organizations, but not to interest organizations. Institutional trust at the national level is negatively related to donations to all types of organizations. This latter finding suggests that when institutions are perceived to function well, individuals estimate that their philanthropic donations are less needed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Maurice F. Viller 《Business Horizons》1985,28(6):47-54
The author breaks new ground with what may be the first taxonomy of supervisory and employee vegetables. He also offers some pruning tips to keep undesirable plants from taking root in your organization. 相似文献
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The relationship marketing paradigm is gaining increasing credence in consumer markets. Marketers need to get close to their customers to establish exchange relationships, and this “intimacy” is achieved using database technology and direct marketing communications. However, in implementing relationship marketing in this way, the potential exists for the use of technology to result in invasions of individual consumer privacy. The literature on relationship marketing and privacy are reviewed, and the findings of six exploratory focus group discussions, conducted in the UK, are presented. The study suggests that what some consumers define as “intrusion” is similar to what has been called “intimacy” by marketers. Nine propositions are presented which reflect the implications of current approaches to relationship marketing in consumer markets. In particular, the integral elements of meaningful relationships are absent or inhibited as a result of consumer concerns over intrusions of their privacy. Thus, marketers need to adapt their attitudes, behaviours, and processes in order to accommodate the participation of the consumer in the relationship. The implications for marketers are identified, and directions are offered for future research. 相似文献
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Maurice MacDonald 《Family and consumer sciences research journal / American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences》1981,10(1):69-77
In 1977 the Department of Agriculture proposed regulations to vary minimum meal portion sizes for children of different age grades and to effect other changes to improve the nutritional adequacy of the Type-A meal pattern requirements in the National School Lunch Program. The impact of these regulations on student participation in school lunch was analyzed. Previous research on school lunch participation has not examined the influence of meal quality variations. The Food and Nutrition Service obtained data from 352 experimental schools that implemented interim meal pattern requirements during the 1978–79 school year, and from 28 control schools. School food service manager reports and meal portion quantities were collected prior to and during the interim regulation period. Pre- and post- implementation comparisons of experimental and control school average participation rates revealed no significant participation differences. However, some experimental schools may not have implemented the requirements as well as others. Therefore variables that indicate the degree of compliance were also used in multivariate analyses of participation after implementation. There were no significant effects for the meal pattern compliance indicators. Apparently student participation would not be affected by the proposed regulations. 相似文献
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Maurice Doyon Virginie Simard Kent D. Messer Lota D. Tamini Harry M. Kaiser 《Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie》2008,56(3):295-312
Using experimental economics, this paper tests the potential impacts of modifying the centralized quota exchange system in Quebec with the intent of decreasing the quota price while minimizing negative impacts on auction effectiveness. Two separate treatments are applied to a uniform price auction similar to that employed in Quebec. The first treatment is an exclusion (5% or 15%) of the highest buyer bids and seller offers. The second is a tax (2% or 10%) on all units offered for sale that remain unsold. Various combinations of the two treatments are also tested. The results suggest that exclusion of the highest bids and offers can decrease the price of the quota and that a 15% exclusion rate is more effective than a 5% rate. The tax alone has little impact on quota price. The combination of the two treatments generates a more marked reduction in both the number of exchanges and the price of the quota than when the tax or the exclusion is applied individually. However, the combination of treatments results in a greater loss of economic efficiency. In all cases, relatively small market price reductions are realized at the expense of substantial losses in economic efficiency. La présente étude teste de manière expérimentale la capacité d'une modification au système centralisé de vente du quota à faire diminuer le prix du quota laitier au Québec tout en minimisant les impacts négatifs des changements sur l'efficacité de l'enchère. Cette modification consiste à appliquer deux traitements sur l'enchère de prix uniforme où s'échange le quota. Le premier traitement consiste en une exclusion (5% ou 15%) des mises les plus élevées des acheteurs et des vendeurs. Le second traitement est une taxe (2% ou 10%) appliquée aux unités que les vendeurs mettent en marché et ne réussissent pas à vendre. Différentes combinaisons de ces deux traitements sont également testées. Les données générées permettent de conclure que le mécanisme d'exclusion des mises les plus élevées permet de faire diminuer le prix du quota, l'exclusion de 15%étant plus efficace que celle de 5%. Pour sa part, la taxe seule a peu d'impact sur le prix du quota tandis que la combinaison des deux traitements entraîne une diminution du nombre de transactions et du prix du quota plus marquée que lorsque les traitements de taxe et d'exclusion sont appliqués individuellement. Cela a comme corollaire d'entraîner une perte d'efficacitééconomique plus importante. Dans tous les cas, des baisses de prix de marché relativement modestes sont réalisées au coût d'importantes pertes d'efficacitééconomique. 相似文献