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131.
Patrick O'Brien 《De Economist》2000,148(4):469-501
This essay locates the rise and relative decline of the economy of the Netherlands over the period l585-l8l5 in geopolitics. It has used the rise of Britain, l688-1815 as a point of reference and for bilateral comparison, in order to validate a hypothesis that the degree of avoidable decline had less to do with inefficiencies in the economic sphere, but flowed essentially from political failures to countervail blatant and violent challenges from the new nation's mercantilist rivals – particularly France but also Britain. I concluded that a similar pattern of political complacency, cultural inertia and liberal myopia marked the response of imperial Britain to the threat from Germany after its reunification in l870. 相似文献
132.
The article revisits the conventional wisdom according to which vertical restrictions on retail prices help upstream firms to collude. We analyze the scope for collusion with and without resale price maintenance (RPM) when retailers observe local shocks on demand or retail costs. In the absence of RPM, retail prices react to retailers' information, and deviations from collusive behavior are thus difficult to detect. By eliminating retail price flexibility, RPM facilitates the detection of deviations but reduces profits and thus increases the short‐run gains from a deviation. Overall, RPM can facilitate collusion and reduce total welfare when firms adopt it. 相似文献
133.
Color carries meaning and can influence consumers’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Many disciplines, such as neuroscience, psychophysics, visual cognition, and biology have used new technologies to gain insights in understanding the complexities of color perception, yet there exists relatively little research in the field of marketing. This paper aims to reestablish the importance of color research in marketing, draw attention to the complex nature of this research, and to fuel further investigation and the development of new insights about color as it relates to marketing. The authors offer an integrated conceptual framework centered on the embodied and referential meanings of color and highlight the complexities and nuances that researchers must consider in order to develop this area. Insights from and gaps in the extant literature are highlighted to present a set of questions and propositions for future research in this area of investigation. 相似文献
134.
Michael Morley Chris Brewster Patrick Gunnigle Wolfgang Mayrhofer 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(3):640-656
This paper uses evidence from organizations with more than 200 employees in several countries across Europe to explore the proposition that industrial relations in Europe is becoming more convergent around a non-union HRM model. The evidence indicates that, although there are some similar moves taking place, national patterns remain distinctive, the IR/HRM distinction may not be sustainable in Europe and there are significant elements of continuity in industrial relations in Europe alongside the changes that are taking place. 相似文献
135.
Daniel W. M. Chan Patrick T. I. Lam Joseph H. L. Chan Tony Ma Thomas Perkin 《Project Management Journal》2012,43(2):4-20
This article aims to identify and analyze the key benefits of adopting Guaranteed Maximum Price and Target Cost Contracts (GMP/TCC) over and above the traditional lump‐sum contractual arrangement through an empirical questionnaire survey conducted in South Australia and compared with the findings in Hong Kong. The Mann‐Whitney U Test indicated differences in perception between the two groups of respondents on the majority of the identified benefits. The study has provided an in‐depth understanding of the perceived benefits of the GMP/TCC scheme, hence leading to a wider application of those alternative integrated procurement strategies in both regions for reference by the construction community at large. 相似文献
136.
Measuring the immeasurable — A survey of sustainability indices 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sustainability indices for countries provide a one-dimensional metric to valuate country-specific information on the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, environmental, and social conditions. At the policy level, they suggest an unambiguous yardstick against which a country's development can be measured and even a cross-country comparison can be performed. This article reviews the explanatory power of various sustainability indices applied in policy practice. We show that these indices fail to fulfill fundamental scientific requirements making them rather useless if not misleading with respect to policy advice. 相似文献
137.
An investigation of path-goal leadership theory and its impact on intrachannel conflict and satisfaction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Patrick L. Schul 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1987,15(4):42-52
This path-analytic study examined the relationships among channel members’ perceptions of dimensions representing channel
leader behavior, channel conflict and satisfaction. In doing so, the path-goal theory of leadership is tested in a franchise
channel of distribution. The results indicate that both the consideration and the initiating structure dimensions of leader
behavior significantly influence franchisees’ satisfaction with the franchise arrangement. As defined in the theory, these
relationships were found to be mediated by the existing level of conflict being experienced by franchisees. Causal linkages
are also found between intrachannel conflict and satisfaction. Specific recommendations are provided to franchisors and other
channel leaders. 相似文献
138.
We use the method of indirect inference, using the bootstrap, to test the Smets and Wouters model of the EU against a VAR
auxiliary equation describing their data. We find that their model generates excessive variance compared with the data. But
their model fits the dynamic facts quite well if the errors have the properties assumed by SW but scaled down. We compare
a New Classical version of the model which also performs reasonably if error properties are chosen using New Classical priors
(notably excluding shocks to preferences). Both versions have (different) difficulties fitting the data if the actual error
properties are used. A model combining rigid and flexible-wage/price sectors, with a weight of around 5% on the rigid sector,
does best in fitting the data. 相似文献
139.
byFredrick O. Wanyama Patrick Develtere Ignace Pollet 《Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics》2009,80(3):361-392
ABSTRACT ** : Cooperative development in Africa can be said to have traversed two main eras: the era of state control and that of liberalization. The first era lasted up to the early 1990s and saw the origin and substantial growth of cooperatives on the continent. During that period, different models of cooperative development were introduced on the continent. We distinguish a unified cooperative model, a social economy model, a social movement model, a producers' model and an indigenous model. But in all cases, cooperatives were engulfed into state politics. However, little is known about the impact of liberalization measures on these models. Our research in 11 African countries reveals that cooperatives in Africa have survived the market forces and continued to grow in number and membership. We see a slow but sure erosion of the unified model and the adoption of a social economy model. Cooperatives in Africa are re-examining their organizational forms and diversifying their activities in response to members' interests and needs. 相似文献
140.
Patrick G. Welle 《Atlantic Economic Journal》1999,27(1):91-113
This article summarizes and critiques Holcombe's arguments on the influence of private ownership and markets on the quality of life. Holcombe summarizes the free market-oriented literature and provides interesting anecdotes in arguing that markets are superior to public policies and more cost-effective in pursuing social goals such as health care, environmental protection, and housing. This critique argues that Holcombe's approach is much too narrow in that it reduces the quality of life to commercial value, cost minimization, and property rights. Economic analysis can become more relevant to the public discourse by recognizing that social values are broader than cost minimization and efficiency. Public sensibilities on equity, justice, equal opportunity, and human dignity shape the sociocultural context for evaluating the impact of public policy on the quality of life. Ideas are offered for enhancing the relevance of economics to policy discussions on the quality of life. 相似文献