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排序方式： 共有271条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
The share of paid-for overtime hours within total paid-for hours worked in Britain has declined from 5.4% to 2.0% between 1997 and 2020. We investigate this decline, focussing on its distribution across full-time (f/t) and part-time males and females and across 19 one-digit industries. It is established that f/t males are dominant in the decline both of overtime working and overtime hours. We explore the implications of the decline on the share of overtime pay within total pay as well as on the gender pay gap. We test for economic, structural and cyclical influences on overtime working via a two-part regression model that allows us to differentiate between the incidence of overtime working and weekly overtime hours of overtime employees. We examine how paid-for overtime has varied with collective bargaining coverage, low pay, the 2008 financial crisis, the arrival of Covid-19, job mobility and the public/private sector dichotomy. Combined marginal effects of changes in the incidence of overtime working and weekly overtime hours are also provided. The influence of the decline of collective bargaining in the last two decades on overtime working is highlighted using Blinder–Oaxaca decompositions. 相似文献
82.
Suzanne T. Bell Annette J. Towler David M. Fisher 《Human Resource Development Quarterly》2011,22(3):343-372
We examined the extent to which a trainee's gender interacts with the gender of the trainer, as well as the gender composition of the classroom, to influence the trainee's knowledge acquisition. Hypotheses based on asymmetrical relational demography arguments were tested with a multilevel model on data collected from 1,515 predominantly Hispanic adult trainees in 115 classrooms taught by a total of 22 different trainers. Results supported an asymmetrical relational demography effect for the relationship between trainee‐trainer gender dissimilarity and knowledge acquisition, such that trainer‐trainee dissimilarity was related to knowledge acquisition for female trainees, but not for male trainees. No effects on trainee knowledge acquisition were observed for the trainee gender and classroom gender composition interaction. Exploratory analyses suggested that the racial diversity of the classroom was related to the knowledge acquisition of female trainees, but not male trainees. 相似文献
83.
When measuring the causal impacts of policy interventions, evaluators often contrast samples with and without the intervention tracked longitudinally. This article considers what happens when the without-intervention portion of the sample begins to be treated with the intervention part way through the follow-up period. The authors focus on randomized control trials, whose sponsors increasingly guarantee all participants in the study the intervention—the control members with a lag—while noting that the problem and their proposed solution apply to non-experimental impact evaluations as well. Once the control group (or other counterfactual group) receives the intervention, the treatment-control comparison becomes a measure of the difference in impacts between interventions of different durations—longer in the treatment group than the control group—rather than a measure of the total impact of the longer duration compared to no intervention. To measure this total impact—which tends to matter more to policy than differential or short-term impacts—the authors propose to sum the available experimental impact estimates from consecutive time periods, thus combining an experimental measure of the impact of the short duration intervention with an incremental measure of the added impact of the longer duration. The statistical properties of this estimator are explored, as are the conditions under which it provides an unbiased estimate of the total long-term effects of treatment. 相似文献
84.
abstract Alliances have become commonplace. This has led to a considerable number of academic and professional publications on alliances and, more recently, on the dynamics of cooperation. However, the body of knowledge on the dynamics of cooperation developed so far is characterized by fragmentation, lack of coherence and non‐comparable research output. There is no consensus on paradigmatic beliefs, which hampers theoretical progress. As a result, there is what we call an academic gap. Moreover, the literature on the dynamics of cooperation often studies research questions that are irrelevant to managers' needs. As a consequence, there is also a managerial relevance gap. The emergence of these two gaps is primarily due to the choice of assumptions, the emphasis on originality, and the use of a variety of methodological approaches. Nevertheless, we believe it is still possible to reverse the trend and make the literature on the dynamics of cooperation more relevant. 相似文献
85.
Time series are demeaned when sample autocorrelation functions are computed. By the same logic it would seem appealing to remove seasonal means from seasonal time series before computing sample autocorrelation functions. Yet, standard practice is only to remove the overall mean and ignore the possibility of seasonal mean shifts in the data. Whether or not time series are seasonally demeaned has very important consequences on the asymptotic behavior of autocorrelation functions. The effect on the asymptotic distribution of seasonal mean shifts and their removal is investigated and the practical consequences of these theoretical developments are discussed. We also examine the small sample behavior of autocorrelation function estimates through Monte Carlo simulations. 相似文献
86.
When customers disappoint: A model of relational internal marketing and customer complaints 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Simon J. Bell Bülent Mengüç Sara L. Stefani 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2004,32(2):112-126
The objective of this study is to examine internal marketing relationships and their influence on salesperson attitudes and behaviors in retail store environments. The authors investigate the moderating role of customer complaining behavior on the nature of these relationships. Specifically, they examine the relationship between organization-employee and supervisor-employee relationships and their association with salesperson job motivation and commitment to customer service. Customer complaints are expected to have differential moderating effects on the relationship between organizational and supervisory support and these salesperson outcomes. Our hypotheses were tested using a sample of 392 retail employees within 115 stores of a national retail organization. The model was partially supported. Theoretical and managerial implications are explored. 相似文献
87.
88.
89.
Jason R. Lambert Dynah A. Basuil Myrtle P. Bell Dennis J. Marquardt 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(15):2293-2319
AbstractU.S. firms are increasingly seeking foreign workers to help satisfy growing demands for technical and highly skilled labor, and many immigrants continue to seek jobs in America. Despite this, few studies in the management discipline examine immigration issues as they relate to organizational attraction and recruitment. In an experimental study, we investigated the relationship between stated recruitment policies, perceived work-related expectancy, and organizational attractiveness among graduate students from Asia as potential job seekers to companies in the United States. We found a relationship between perceived work-related expectancy and either emphasizing international diversity or work visa sponsorship. However, emphasizing work visa sponsorship weakened the effect of international diversity on perceived work-related expectancy. Perceived work-related expectancy was also found to positively affect organizational attractiveness, resulting in a conditional indirect effect of international diversity statements on organizational attractiveness. Implications for organizations and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
90.
This study provides evidence for a Stroop‐like interference effect in word recognition. Based on phonologic and semantic properties of simple words, participants who performed a same/different wordrecognition task exhibited a significant response latency increase when word pairs (e.g., poll–rod) featured a comparison word (poll) that was a homonym of a synonym (pole) of the target word (rod). These results support a parallel‐processing framework of lexical decision making, in which activation of the pathways to word recognition may occur at different levels automatically and in parallel. A subset of simple words that are also brand names was examined and exhibited this same interference. Implications for word‐recognition theory and practical implications for strategic marketing are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献