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11.
A group of agents located along a river have quasi-linear preferences over water and money. We ask how the water should be allocated and what money transfers should be performed. The core lower bounds require that no coalition should get less than the welfare it could achieve by using the water it controls. The aspiration upper bounds demand that no coalition enjoy a welfare higher than what it could achieve in the absence of the remaining agents. Exactly one welfare distribution satisfies the core lower bounds and the aspiration upper bounds: it is the marginal contribution vector corresponding to the ordering of the agents along the river. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D62, C71. 相似文献
12.
13.
This paper examines the effects of introducing competition into monopolized network industries on prices and infrastructure
quality. Analyzing a model with reduced-form demand, we first show that deregulating an integrated monopoly cannot simultaneously
decrease the retail price and increase infrastructure quality. Second, we derive conditions under which reducing both retail
price and infrastructure quality relative to the integrated monopoly outcome increases welfare. Third, we argue that restructuring
and setting very low access charges may yield welfare losses, as infrastructure investment is undermined. We provide an extensive
analysis of the linear demand model and discuss policy implications. 相似文献
14.
This paper studies the dynamic interaction between human capital accumulation and economic growth. Capital market imperfections
and an indivisibility in human capital investment prevent poor agents from accumulating skills, the acquisition of which positively
affects technological progress. More productive technologies in turn require more sophisticated qualification and involve
higher training costs. The equilibrium dynamics can be characterized by the joint evolution of productivity growth, the schooling
costs, and the income distribution. Under our assumptions, individual incomes follow a non-linear Markov chain. This non-linearity
generates endogenous fluctuations of schooling activities and the rate at which productivity improvements occur.
We thank an anonymous referee for many helpful suggestions. Support from the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant
KA1519/2-2 is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
15.
We propose an empirical commodity market model with heterogeneous speculators. While the power of trend-extrapolating chartists
is constant over time, the symmetric impact of stabilizing fundamentalists adjusts endogenously according to market circumstances:
Using monthly data for various commodities such as cotton, sugar or zinc, our STAR–GARCH model indicates that their influence
positively depends on the distance between the commodity price and its long-run equilibrium value. Fundamentalists seem to
become more and more convinced that mean reversion will set in as the mispricing enlarges. Commodity price cycles may thus
emerge due to the nonlinear interplay between different trader types.
The paper represents the authors’ personal opinion and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Deutsche Bundesbank. 相似文献
16.
In this paper, we present a model in which the performing arts are modelled as congestible public goods. In accordance with empirical evidence, the production of seat capacity is assumed to be subject to fixed costs. We estimate the parameters of the model's demand and cost functions using German data. Using these estimates in a subsequent social choice analysis, we show that the current situation in the German performing arts sector is best described by a directorship that under the influence of a selfish theater lobby maximizes only the welfare of the spectators. Such an equilibrium, characterized by too low ticket prices and too large capacity, is most likely to establish if citizens have a very positive ex ante notion of the performing arts. 相似文献
17.
Elected politicians can choose to decide themselves or to delegate competence. Delegation can occur in the constitutional stage, but is most common in the post-constitutional stage. Furthermore, domestic delegation can be distinguished from international delegation. The authors propose to analyze both delegation decisions within a unified framework and apply it to eight countries of Central and Eastern Europe that have experienced substantial constitutional change recently. The main differences among these countries with regard to delegation are portrayed, their origins are traced and their effects analyzed. 相似文献
18.
19.
Employing the generational accounting approach, this paper analyses the stance of fiscal policy in Germany. We find that fiscal policy is presently not sustainable, which is mainly due to pay-as-you-go financed social insurance systems. In order to illustrate the relative impact, we isolate the Public Health Insurance and the Public Long Term Care Insurance. Our findings suggest that without radical reforms the implicit debt burden for future generations might reach a magnitude of more than two times the annual GDP and contribution rates to both schemes will explode during the next three decades. 相似文献
20.
Stefan Dietrich Josten 《International Tax and Public Finance》2003,10(4):435-452
This paper studies the dynamic general-equilibrium interactions between inequality, crime and economic growth by embedding the rational choice-theoretical approach to criminal behavior in a heterogeneous-agents endogenous-growth OLG model. Based on their respective opportunity costs, individuals choose to specialize in either legal or criminal activities. While legal households contribute to aggregate goods supply over time by either working or building human capital, criminals make a living by expropriating legal citizens of part of the latter's income. An increase in inequality lowers the economy's growth rate and possesses negative welfare effects for all agents with endowments equal to or above average and for agents with endowment below average that are born sufficiently far in the future. 相似文献