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131.
132.
Nicholas Powers Allen Blackman Thomas P. Lyon Urvashi Narain 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,50(1):131-155
Public disclosure programs that collect and disseminate information about firms’ environmental performance are increasingly
popular in both developed and developing countries. Yet little is known about whether they actually improve environmental
performance, particularly in the latter setting. We use detailed plant-level survey data to evaluate the impact of India’s
Green Rating Project (GRP) on the environmental performance of the country’s largest pulp and paper plants. We find that the
GRP drove significant reductions in pollution loadings among dirty plants but not among cleaner ones. This result comports
with statistical and anecdotal evaluations of similar disclosure programs. We also find that plants located in wealthier communities
were more responsive to GRP ratings, as were single-plant firms. 相似文献
133.
Carolyn Fischer Edwin Muchapondwa Thomas Sterner 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,48(2):303-319
This paper formulates a bio-economic model to analyze community incentives for wildlife management under benefit-sharing programs
like the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) in Zimbabwe. Three agents influence the wildlife
stock: a parks agency determines hunting quotas, outside poachers hunt illegally, and a local community may choose to protect
wildlife by discouraging poaching. Wildlife generates revenues from hunting licenses and tourism; it also intrudes on local
agriculture. We consider two benefit-sharing regimes: shares of wildlife tourism rents and shares of hunting licenses. Resource
sharing does not necessarily improve community welfare or incentives for wildlife conservation. Results depend on the exact
design of the benefit shares, the size of the benefits compared with agricultural losses, and the way in which the parks agency
manages hunting quotas. 相似文献
134.
Thomas Hellmann 《Heilberufe》2011,63(7):10-13
Heilpflanzenanwendungen in der Altenpflege - In vielen Bereichen der Altenpflege kann auch die Schulmedizin nur begrenzt helfen.
Wie gut, dass die Naturheilkunde viele Anwendungsm?glichkeiten bietet, die die Lebensqualit?t der Patienten und Bewohner verbessern
k?nnen. Und die Hilfen von Mutter Natur sto?en nicht nur bei Pflegebedürftigen, sondern auch bei den Pflegenden auf positive
Resonanz. 相似文献
135.
The Global Economic Ethic Manifesto (“Manifesto”) is a moral framework/code of conduct which is both interactive and interdependent
with the economic function of the main institutions of the economic system: markets, governments, civil society, and supranational
organizations, which lays out a common fundamental vision of what is legitimate, just, and fair in economic activities. The
Manifesto includes five universally accepted principles and values: the principle of humanity; the basic values of non-violence
and respect for life; the basic values of justice and humanity; the basic values of honesty and tolerance; and the basic values
of mutual esteem and partnership. We posit that the Manifesto provides an ethical foundation for explicitly assisting multinational
enterprise's (“MNE”) executive management and boards of directors to meet the moral failures criticisms associated with the
expansion of global capitalism, and similarly how the U.N. Global Compact (“Compact”) is focused on addressing complimentary
market and institutional failures. In this article, we argue how the Compact and the Manifesto complement each other, explaining
how the policies and guidelines of the Compact can now be implemented at the organizational/individual level through a comprehensive
human resource management (HRM) plan supporting the ethical framework of the Manifesto. Finally, we have described how the
Manifesto completes a comprehensive managerial framework (consisting of both the Compact and the Manifesto) for what we term
an “MNE Moral Values-Based Corporate Governance Model.” Ultimately, further research is needed in understanding how much impact
external and internal influences make on creating a sustainable ethical culture in MNEs. 相似文献
136.
The objective of this article is to analyze the domestic and international effects of a hypothetical foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in the Mexican cattle industry. A discrete time dynamic optimization model of the Mexican cattle sector is specified, and linked to domestic and international markets. Economic consequences of FMD outbreaks are simulated over time and under different scenarios. Specific findings and general policy recommendations are provided. The study reports a range of outbreaks from localized to large scale and suggests that changes in economic surplus due to FMD range from a positive net gain of $0.89 to $1.6 billion to a net loss of about $67 billion, depending on the specific mitigation strategy and outbreak scenario. 相似文献
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