Post OPA-90 Vessel Oil Transfer Spill Prevention: The Effectiveness of Coast Guard Enforcement

Although oil spills from tanker accidents receive the most publicity, most vessel spills are not the result of accidents but of oil transfer activities. We investigate determinants of the size of vessel oil transfer spills as well as the effectiveness of Coast Guard enforcement activities in reducing their size. Vessel out-of-water and in-water oil transfer spillage functions are estimated utilizing tobit regression and detailed data on individual vessel oil transfer spills as well as Coast Guard safety/environmental enforcement activity data for the 1991–1995 period. Our estimation results suggest that Coast Guard hull but not machinery inspections are effective in reducing both out-of-water and in-water spills; patrols by air, but not by boat, are effective in reducing out-of-water spills; but neither is effective in reducing in-water spills. The results also show that the type of vessel (oil- and non-oil-cargo), vessel characteristics, vessel operations, weather/visibility conditions, and waterway type are determinants of post OPA-90 vessel oil transfer spills.     

房地产各环节税种设置与税负分配研究

根据房地产经济学对于房地产的分类习惯,房地产税收可以分为房地产取得、交易和保有三个环节设置.本文依次研究了各个环节的税收安排、税负水平及其效应,提出了房地产各环节税种设置和税负调整方向,在此基础上,本文提出了重新构建房地产税收体系的方案.     

Macroeconomic Stabilization in the EMU: Rules Versus Institutions

This paper investigates the macroeconomic implications of different regimes of international fiscal coordination and monetary‐fiscal cooperation in a monetary union with independent fiscal authorities, that act strategically vis‐à‐vis a common central bank. In the presence of other policy goals than cyclical stabilization, such as interest rate smoothing and fiscal stability, we show that coordination among national fiscal authorities can reduce output and inflation volatility relative to the non‐cooperative setting in specific circumstances, as in case of demand disturbances, while turning potentially counterproductive otherwise. The adverse effects of union‐wide coordinated fiscal measures can be attenuated in a regime of global coordination, namely, when a centralized fiscal stabilization is coordinated with the common monetary policy as well.     

区域环境承载力的定量化探讨--以大连市为例

With the analysis of the connotation and charter of the regional environment's carrying capacity, this paper,firstly, establishes the index system on the base of the affecting factors. Secondly, this paper discusses the methods of the quantization of the environment's carrying capacity of Dalian. Finally, this paper predicts the changing tendency of the environment's carrying capacity.     

退耕还林（草）生态补偿实施现状与问题分析——以甘肃省定西市安定区为例

为了建立合理的国家生态补偿机制，了解现阶段生态补偿中存在的问题，我们运用PRA（Participatory rule appraisal）即参与性农村评估和传统的问卷调查相结合的方法，通过对研究区内生态建设补偿措施实施过程中的现状研究、问题分析，发现本区在实施退耕还林（草）生态补偿中的主要问题是仍然没有有效解决生态补偿的三个基本问题：补偿主体、补偿强度、补偿资金来源。生态补偿处于初级阶段，没有形成制度化、法律化，有必要在政策、法律层面建立比较完善的生态补偿机制。     

国际四大、国内十大与国内非十大的审计质量--来自2003年中国上市公司的经验证据

本文以可操控性应计作为公司盈余管理的表征变量,以抑制盈余管理的能力定义审计质量,以所审客户总资产划分国内十大与国内非十大,考察了四大的合作所①、国内十大②、国内非十大的审计质量差异,即考察三者在抑制公司报告的可操控性应计方面有无显著差异。本文使用2003年所有A股上市公司的数据,采用两步回归的方法,通过加入inverse Mills ratio变量,控制会计师事务所选择的自选择偏误。研究结果表明,四大与国内十大、国内十大与国内非十大在抑制公司报告可操控性应计上存在显著差异。从而表明,四大的审计质量高于国内十大,国内十大的审计质量高于国内非十大。另外,实证结果还表明,公司在选择四大还是国内十大、国内十大还是国内非十大上有显著的选择倾向,因此也表明了控制自选择偏误的必要。     

乡村经济组织体系:一个分析框架

本文从市场经济的运行机制出发,结合中国乡村经济组织体系发展历程及目标模式,就中国乡村经济组织体系提供了一个理论分析框架。改革开放以来的经验表明,我国乡村经济组织体系是逐步向目标模式演进的,但现状仍然与目标模式相去甚远,远未达到均衡状态,政府应创造条件,对不同的经济组织类型采取不同的改革措施。     

绿色财务管理的短期均衡分析

当前,生态问题日趋严重,这种状况的形成主要是人类自身行为造成的,人们虽然已经越来越多地认识到其危害性,但是在经济利益的驱使下,人类的这种破坏行为并没有真正停止或减少。作为微观经济主体的企业,它的行为对生态问题的影响非常重要,所以必须改变企业的经济行为。作为经济主体其目标就是为了获取经济利益,只有保证其有一定经济利益的情况下,来改变其行为以利于解决生态问题才是可行的。鉴于此,本文从市场上各类企业的经济行为特点入手,来探讨解决问题的途径。     

中新比较优势和贸易互补性的实证分析

运用贸易结合度指数、显性比较优势指数和贸易特化系数对中新双边贸易的现状和发展趋势、比较优势和贸易互补性进行了实证分析。基于产业内分工、相似需求和外国直接投资的产业内互补成为中新两国贸易关系的主要特征。     

美国生物技术企业市场定价及启示

生命科学和生物技术行业不断凸现出投资价值,其日益受到证券市场的青睐,生物技术公司成为了投资者追捧的对象.由于该产业在我国的发展刚刚起步,企业在获取投资者认可等方面还存在很多问题.通过对美国生物技术行业主要上市公司的数据分析,探索了该类企业在证券市场定价的一般规律.