城市生命线系统危机分析与评估

城市生命线系统出现问题,可能造成整个城市瘫痪,易引发社会危机,是城市公共安全的重要领域.根据城市生命线系统承载的物质及能量的特性、脆弱性和可能引发的连锁效应,分析和评估城市生命线系统危机特征和种类,得到具体的危机源;分析和总结我国城市生命线系统危机管理现状和控制效果,发现其存在的主要问题,进而提出改进我国城市生命线系统危机管理的对策措施建议.     

重钢总医院某工程项目成本风险管理分析

目前,我国的施工项目成本风险管理意识和管理水平尚不发达,本文结合我国的项目管理现状,从业主方的角度,对施工项目的成本风险管理进行了研究。     

宣纸燎草制作技艺完善者曹裔生考略

稻草作为宣纸原料是在曹大三迁居小岭后,在发明宣纸制作技艺过程中,在经历近50年宣纸青檀皮制作技艺基本成熟后,为扩大再生产引入的,其时间约在1330年左右。燎草制作技艺体系作为一项独特发明,是宣纸技艺中最具本质、最具标志性的发明,经历了从始迁祖曹大三到第七世约近100年的时间,到明永乐、宣德年间形成了基本成熟的燎草制作技艺体系。自此,整个宣纸传统制作技艺体系基本完善。经初步研究,宣纸燎草制作技艺体系的完善者或关键性传承人是曹大三第七世曹裔生。     

Financial analyst coverage for U.S. firms facing foreign competition: Evidence from trade liberalization

This study examines financial analyst coverage for U.S. firms following an increase in foreign product market competition. To capture exogenous shocks to domestic firms' competitive environments, we exploit a quasi‐natural experiment from large import tariff reductions over the 1984 to 2005 period in the manufacturing sector. Using data for the years before and after large tariff reductions, our difference‐in‐differences analysis shows evidence of a significant decrease in analyst coverage for incumbent U.S. firms when they face greater entry threat from foreign competitors. We also find that analysts with less firm‐specific experience and less accurate prior‐period forecasts are more likely to stop following the domestic firm when foreign competition intensifies. Overall, the findings suggest that foreign product market competition from global trade liberalization is an important determinant of financial analysts' coverage decisions.     

Informal Property Rights as Relational and Functional: Unravelling the Relational Contract in China's Informal Housing Market

In the face of state-led land grabs, enterprising Chinese peasants have started a revolution in the ambiguous and insecure rural tenure system by developing an extralegal property system known as the small property right (SPR). Using the SPR, peasants are able to capitalize on their property through the sale of houses built on collectively owned land. Little is known, however, about the specific process behind the development of the SPR by the peasants, or how this extralegal property system functions in terms of securing the use and transfer of property without the backing of law. This article aims to clarify the situation through the lenses of the Endogenous Nature of Institutions and Relational Contract Theory, aiming to understand the socially constructed, endogenous and relational nature of the property rights that make SPR functional. Based on an ethnographic investigation of Beijing's largest SPR housing settlement, we show how enterprising peasants develop long-term relational contracts with urban households for the provision of housing services, secured on the basis of the common interests and symbiosis of the two parties and a reputation system that serves to deter defaults. The discretionary treatment of SPR housing by local states serves as a further motivation for the village and the informal homeowners to preserve a stable property arrangement, with such a specific institutional setting being an exemplar of China's pragmatic state entrepreneurialism.     

Input use under cost-of-production crop insurance: Theory and evidence

There have been a number of previous studies that examined the effects of yield- or revenue-based crop insurance products on input use of farmers. However, no study has specifically investigated the input use impacts of a cost-of-production (COP) crop insurance policy, even though this type of crop insurance is the predominant one used in several other countries outside of the United States (such as the Philippines and China). This article aims to theoretically and empirically examine the effect of a COP crop insurance product on farmers’ chemical input use. Our theoretical model suggests that the effect of COP insurance on input use can either be positive or negative, with the resulting impact depending on the strengths of (a) the traditional moral hazard effect of insurance (i.e., an input use decreasing effect); versus (b) the marginal incentives to apply more inputs due to input levels being the main determinant for expected indemnity amounts in this type of insurance (i.e., an input use increasing effect). A survey data set from corn farmers in the Philippines is then used to empirically illustrate how a particular COP insurance product influences input use in a real-life context. In this case, we find that COP insurance increases the use of chemical inputs (e.g., fertilizers and total chemical expenditure), implying that the positive marginal incentive to apply more inputs dominates the negative moral hazard effect.     

1864例药物不良反应报告分析

目的了解某院药品不良反应(ADR)的发生特点及规律,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法对合肥市第二人民医院2016年至2018年上报的ADR报告进行回顾性分析。结果1864例ADR中,66~89岁患者所占比例最高(768例,占41.20%);女性患者984例,略多于男性(880例);静脉给药引发的ADR最多,占81.33%;发生ADR的药品主要为抗菌药品,其次为抗肿瘤药和中药制剂;ADR主要累及消化系统、皮肤及附件;ADR类型主要为一般ADR,导致严重的ADR主要是抗肿瘤药;ADR转归情况以痊愈和好转为主,两者占94.31%。结论老年患者更易发生ADR;抗菌药、抗肿瘤药等ADR发生率较高;所有剂型中注射剂型ADR发生率最高;消化系统、皮肤及附件损害最为常见。     

敦煌种业财务绩效评价研究

选择以农业上市公司敦煌种业为研究对象,以企业2014—2019年的报表数据为基础,采用功效系数法并以国务院国资委所编写的《企业绩效评价标准值》中国有企业绩效评价体系作为参考,构建对农业企业的财务指标评价体系,对敦煌种业2014-2019年企业财务指标的表现进行纵向分析,选择同行业中营业收入水平较高的北大荒进行横向对比,通过对比发现敦煌种业的问题主要体现在盈利能力和资产质量方面,对此提出了改进措施及建议。     

How much does tax erode fund excess returns?

We model the tax drag from active fund management based on reported monthly holdings of active equity funds. Tax drag erodes 65 percent of the 0.74 percent excess return in Broad Market funds, but only 21 percent of the 1.80 percent excess return in Small-Cap funds for Australian superannuation (pension) fund investors. Tax drag varies with investment style; market state, which is most detrimental during bull markets; and fund turnover. For high-income individual investors, tax drag is exacerbated to the extent that active management only generates meaningful after-tax excess return for Small-Cap funds of certain styles.     

吐温80在油脂类调味品中微生物检测的研究分析

通过对牛肉酱、红油2种即食油脂类调味品进行微生物检测,将不同比例的吐温80添加到样品前处理的稀释液中,采用浓度为107 CFU·mL-1的标准菌悬液,用常规细菌培养法检测结果。结果表明:选用比例为5%的吐温80对牛肉酱、红油的微生物指标进行检测,检测结果均在107 CFU·mL-1,与空白对照的检测结果在同一数量级上。与常规的稀释液相比,吐温80可使样品均匀分散在稀释液中,且不影响微生物的检测结果,可适用于高油脂类样品的日常微生物检测。