以“教学改革创新”为手段,确保继续教育的质量

本文通过对继续教育的定位、教育理念、质量以及学习效果的质量进行了分析,提出了以"创新能力培养"为手段(目标),把握继续教育的特点,从而树立先进理念推进继续教育的终身教育体制,确保继续教育的质量,努力建设学习型社会。     

"后金融危机时代"我国外向出口型中小企业的发展策略分析

由美国次贷危机引发的全球性金融危机虽然已经度过,但其影响依然存在,特别是给我国中小出口企业的生存发展带来了严重的挑战.在此背景下,文章通过对我国中小企业的发展现状以及在发展中存在的问题进行分析的基础上,提出了相应的对策和建议,对于我国国民经济和对外贸易的发展具有重要的现实意义.     

契约执行效率与垂直化结构

本文在LuigiPascali分析框架的基础上构建了一个两部门垄断竞争模型,考察不完全契约与垂直化结构的关系,并利用中国分地区分行业数据进行了检验。分析结果表明：契约执行效率的提高有利于垂直专业化分工;在契约要素密集度和物质资产专用性高的行业,契约执行效率与垂直一体化存在着明显的负向关系,在控制其他变量以及内生性问题后,这一结果仍然稳健;契约执行效率对人力资产专用性行业的治理结构影响不大。     

零售商自有品牌化趋势及对策研究

品牌是企业形象的象征,也是企业巨大的无形资产。目前国际零售商自有品牌在企业经营发展中担当着越来越重要的角色,并且已经成为赢得市场的利剑。我国零售业面对激烈的国际竞争,在自有品牌的开发与经营中不断尝试和探索。本文就零售商自有品牌化的发展趋势提出了发展自有品牌战略的对策,以供我国零售业发展自有品牌参考。     

Agriculture–nutrition linkages with heterogeneous,unobserved returns and costs: Insights from Tajikistan

Agriculture–nutrition linkages (ANLs) have been increasingly investigated in the literature. However, nutritional returns and costs of household agricultural production practices (APPs) in semisubsistence settings are poorly understood. We fill these knowledge gaps using pooled cross-section data sets in Tajikistan, where semisubsistence farming and undernutrition coexist despite relatively good agricultural infrastructure and education systems. Agricultural diversification, yield enhancement, production expansion are positively associated with various nutritional outcomes, particularly in areas with poor food market access. Decomposition exercises suggest that nutritional returns and costs of these APPs vary across households, and the adoption of APPs is driven by the expected nutritional returns. In Tajikistan, improving nutrition through household ANLs requires growing the smallholder agricultural sector in multiple dimensions, including diversification, intensification, and expansion, while also understanding better the pathways of ANLs and addressing bottlenecks at appropriate stages of such pathways.     

生态系统服务的价格估计方法及真实增长测度

以国际统计规范中生态系统服务价值的估价方法为基础,利用市场价值法、替代成本法、影子工程法等方法,构建生态系统服务核算的动态价格体系,对京津冀地区的生态系统服务价值进行合理测度。实证结果发现,以往采用的价格体系低估了生态系统服务价值,根据构建的动态价格体系得出,2016年北京市、天津市和河北省的生态系统服务价值总量分别为27706.27亿元、5836.21亿元和104407.23亿元,分别是各地区GDP的1.08倍、0.326倍和3.26倍;2016—2017年京津冀地区生态系统服务价值增量分别为502.63亿元、628.12亿元和-1713.33亿元;三个地区中价格因素对北京市生态系统服务价值年度变化的影响最大,而天津市和河北省受到价格因素的影响较小,剔除价格因素影响后京津冀地区生态系统服务价值的真实增长率分别为-0.15%、13.11%和-1.7%。     

经济结构调整与人民币升值困境的出路

人们往往以为人民币升值能够促使我国经济结构升级。但本文认为,人民币升值更应该是经济结构调整的结果而不是原因。过去几十年的国际分工塑造出以美国为首的创新需求中心和以中国为首的制造中心,在"末端开放"的格局下,汇率变动虽然不能影响国际经济发展的模式,但却能左右制造中心之间的竞争结果。随着人民币升值的外部压力逐渐加大和我国"刘易斯转折点"的到来,要想人民币升值而不影响经济增长,我国必须实现从制造中心向创新和需求中心的转变。这就要求,一方面通过鼓励技术创新来提升经济结构,另一方面通过扩大内需来增加社会福利和诱致技术创新,进而优化经济结构。     

Influence of International Openness on Corporate Environmental Performance in China

This paper examines how international openness influences China's corporate environmental performance. A unique firm‐level dataset is constructed by combining two databases: the Annual Industrial Survey and the China GreenWatch Program Rating System. The empirical results obtained from a series of ordered probit models indicate that openness has a positive relation to corporate environmental performance in China. However, the two main market‐opening strategies in China, exporting and attracting foreign investment, have different effects on environmental performance. The results reveal that foreign investment plays a substantial and positive role that can support the environmental spillovers in China. However, the effect of exporting is insignificant. The environmental pressure from foreign customers to improve Chinese firms' environmental performance presents a challenge. Our study indicates that China could make environmental quality improvements through increased international openness, as is likely the case for other developing countries.     

HOW IMPORTANT ARE ENDOGENOUS PEER EFFECTS IN GROUP LENDING? ESTIMATING A STATIC GAME OF INCOMPLETE INFORMATION

We quantify the importance of endogenous peer effects in group lending programs by estimating a static game of incomplete information. Endogenous peer effects describe how one's behavior is affected by the behavior of her peers. Using a rich dataset from a group lending program in India, our empirical analysis presents a robust finding of large peer effects. The preferred model suggests that the probability of a member making a full repayment would be 12 percentage points higher if all the fellow members were to make full repayment compared with a scenario in which none of the other members repay in full. We find that peer effects would be overestimated without controlling for unobserved group heterogeneity and that inconsistencies exist in the estimated effects of other variables without modeling peer effects and unobserved heterogeneity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于单井效益评价的油田效益配产方法研究

油田优化配产是指油田企业对下属采油单位的产量、成本等进行配置,从而实现指标分解和效益最大。本文提出以单井效益评价数据为基础,在油田内部打破采油单位界限,以采油井为单元,对油田所辖的全部单井采用统一平台进行优化排序,分别以效益最大、成本最低、盈亏平衡为目标,建立配产优化模型,计算出油田公司的效益产量,再按照效益最大、成本最低的效益油井所属采油单位进行分配,从而实现油田公司的效益配产。实际应用表明,以单井效益评价为基础的油田效益配产理论和方法切实可行,为油田配产提供了新的思路,可以实现从能力配产到效益配产的转变,使油田达到最佳生产规模。