京瓷的大家族主义经营与管理会计——稻盛经营管理方式和单位时间核算制度

京瓷株式会社是日本一家基于独自经营哲学——稻盛经营管理方式而快速发展起来的大型公司。稻盛经营管理方式是由阿米巴组织、以单位时间核算为基础的管理会计制度而构成。面对多变的经营环境,阿米巴组织伸缩自如,变化自主,它的形成基础并不是事业部制组织,而是以职能制组织为基础的生产线核算组织。单位时间核算是阿米巴组织中核心的会计概念。单位时间核算的具体计算方法是,首先按部门类别进行核算,即每一个阿米巴组织的销售额与费用相配比,接着将分部门核算的结果与总的劳动时间相除,获得单位时间阿米巴组织的核算结果。需要明确的是:(1)单位时间核算得出的收益减去计时工资之差就是单位时间净利润;(2)生产部门的阿米巴组织与经营部门的阿米巴组织本着规避机会损失的内在要求,会形成一个共同的价值链,进而推进阿米巴组织的管理效率,实现公司整体利益的最大化。基于稻盛经营管理方式下的管理会计模式是京瓷在大家族主义经营哲学影响下所造就的杰出成果。     

INTRODUCTION TO A STUDY OF INTRAHOUSEHOLD RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN RURAL ANDHRA PRADESH,INDIA

In this special issue, we use unique household data which was collected exclusively for our study in Andhra Pradesh, India, with the help of an NGO. We estimate and test the intrahousehold resource allocation rules, incidence of child labor, and the effects of credit constraints on time allocation among household members. Three empirical papers of this issue indicate the overall support for the collective model against the unitary model of households, clarified the role of household structure, and show the nature of mother‐child labor substitution under a binding credit constraint. In addition, a survey paper discussing the recent trends on educational attainment and the empirical strategies in identifyng the policy effects are included.     

Why do Filipinos desire to work more hours?

In 2018, 16.4 per cent of Filipino workers stated that they wanted to have more work hours in their present jobs, to have an additional job, or to have a new job with longer work hours, that is, they declared themselves under-employed. Analysis of the 2015 Labor Force Survey data shows that relative to being full-time employed and not under-employed, the major determinant of being under-employed is the basic pay. Region, educational attainment, sector, and primary occupation are much less important determinants.     

Disasters,Household Decisions,and Insurance Mechanisms: A Review of Evidence and a Case Study from a Developing Country in Asia

This article investigates whether and how Asian people's exposure to a variety of disasters undermine their decisions and welfare. Our case study from Vietnam, based on household panel data, shows that households adopt a variety of coping strategies against the damages caused by disasters especially through credit and labor markets. While the consumption risk sharing networks function effectively at the commune level, market and non‐market insurance mechanisms are not sufficient, especially at the regional, national, and international levels. Hence, it is imperative to strengthen market, government, and community based insurance mechanisms to diversify aggregate disaster risks at the individual, national, and regional levels in Asia.     

Aggregate returns to social capital: Estimates based on the augmented augmented-Solow model

We extend the augmented-Solow model to estimate the aggregate output elasticity and depreciation rate of social capital that characterize aggregate returns. The estimated output elasticity is approximately 0.1. While social capital positively affects economic growth, the magnitude is much smaller than that of other production inputs. The estimated depreciation rate is at least 10% per annum, which is higher than that of physical capital. The median value of the implied aggregate return of social capital is approximately 19.11% at the global level. In OECD countries, it is likely to be considerably smaller than the individual returns, suggesting the fallacy of composition. While there is no systematic relationship between GDP per capita and returns to physical or human capital, the aggregate returns to social capital seem to be negatively related to the level of development.