SEASONED EQUITY ISSUERS’ R&D INVESTMENTS: SIGNALING OR OVEROPTIMISM

It is well known that investors often react negatively to the announcements of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). We posit that issuers can use positive discretionary (higher than expected) R&D investments before the SEO to signal their investment prospects to mitigate the negative announcement effect. Alternatively, positive discretionary R&D may be attributed to managerial overoptimism about future returns of R&D investments. We find strong support for the signaling hypothesis among high‐tech issuers: investors respond more favorably to the SEO announcements of high‐tech issuers with positive discretionary R&D; these issuers are more likely to use new capital in future R&D and they produce better post‐SEO operating performance. In contrast, we find some evidence of managerial overoptimism among low‐tech issuers: investors tend to penalize low‐tech firms with positive discretionary R&D at SEO announcements; they are more likely to hold new capital as cash and they fail to produce better post‐SEO operating performance.     

基于风险选择与投资收益的外汇储备币种结构研究

随着外汇储备规模的不断增加,国家外汇储备投资的风险偏好亦会发生相应的变化。借鉴 J. H.Makin(1971)的方法,构建外汇储备币种结构配置理论模型,讨论在效用最大化的情况下,储备资产投资如何在安全性、流动性和盈利性三原则间进行权衡。假设外汇储备仅投资于美元和欧元两种币种资产,选取2000年初~2014年第三季度的10年期美国国债和欧元区公债季度数据,运用协整分析、格兰杰检验等方法进行的实证研究发现：储备货币在外汇储备中的比重与储备货币收益率及其三阶矩显著正相关,国家外汇储备投资总体而言是风险规避型的。     

成品油消费税改革的供求效应

消费税改革对于促进经济社会发展具有重要作用。成品油消费税的改革必将通过税负与税负归宿的变化影响成品油的供求,进而影响绿色经济的发展。本文在成品油消费税税负归宿理论分析的基础上,实证检验了成品油消费税改革的供求效应。实证表明:提高成品油消费税的税率,对成品油的供给短期内有较明显的抑制作用,但长期作用不明显;而对成品油的需求也有一定的抑制作用,主要体现在企业消费者的需求有所下降,但对居民汽油消费的抑制作用较弱。然而,若将消费税的征税环节从生产环节调整至消费环节,不仅对消费的影响更为明显,会直接减少成品油的需求量;而且税率上调的政策效果也会事半功倍,优于在生产环节课征的政策效果。     

Corporate Governance and Corporate Financing and Investment during the 2007‐2008 Financial Crisis

We examine the impact of the 2007‐2008 financial crisis on nonfinancial firms’ financing and investment activities and the role of corporate governance in alleviating the adverse consequences of the external capital supply shock. Employing a difference‐in‐differences research design, we find that better governance mitigates the disruption caused by the bank credit supply shock to firms’ financing and investment activities. A variety of robustness tests suggest that our findings are unlikely to be driven by an endogeneity problem. We obtain similar results when we extend the sample period to include the delayed spillover from the banking sector to other capital market sectors.     

残差灰色预测模型在物流需求预测中的应用

为了提高预测精度,在灰色预测模型的基础上建立残差灰色预测模型,对物流需求进行预测,并以实际铁路货运量算例为基础,作分析比较。结果表明,该方法具有预测精度高、理论可靠、计算简单等优点,具有良好的实用性。     

气候变化对经济金融系统性冲击的物理风险研究

中国作为全球最大的发展中国家,其综合实力伴随着经济、科技的快速发展而不断增强。但我国的极端气候事件趋多趋强,气候风险水平呈上升趋势,影响我国经济社会的发展。金融作为经济运行的核心,在宏观经济中有着举足轻重的作用。为了研究气候变化与经济金融稳定之间的关系,本文对极端气候事件损失体系和区域经济金融稳定性综合体系进行指数合成并构建面板模型探讨气候变化中气温和降水量因素的变动和极端气候事件对区域金融稳定的影响,得出气候变化的物理风险通过极端气候事件对经济发展和金融稳定有负面影响,并根据实证结果提出完善绿色金融市场和优化信息披露制度的政策建议。     

The impact of reporting frequency on the information quality of share price: evidence from Chinese state-owned enterprises

As a major global exchange, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK) only requires semi-annual reporting whereas other major exchanges including the ones in Chinese mainland require quarterly reporting. We argue against the traditional view that higher reporting frequency is necessarily more beneficial. The decision on reporting frequency depends on how the information is being processed by the recipient traders and the results are not obvious. Using a sample of Chinese companies duallisted in both China A share market and SEHK (AH shares) as the experimental group and mainland’s companies listed on SEHK (H shares) only as the control group, we apply the difference-in-difference (DID) method to investigate the impacts of reporting frequency on stock information quality. The results suggest that after China A share market require quarterly financial reporting for all listed companies in 2002, the information asymmetry of the H tranche of AH stocks increases. Different from prior studies, the results suggest a negative association between stock information quality and financial reporting frequency. We argue that the increased information asymmetry in the H tranche is caused by the noise spilled over from the A tranche. We conduct multivariable GARCH tests and find evidence supporting this conjecture.     

川芎嗪注射液治疗糖尿病周围神经病变64例疗效观察

为了观察川芎嗪注射液治疗糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）的临床疗效。选取2型糖尿病并发周围神经病变的64例住院治疗患者，随机分为治疗组（34例）和对照组（30例），均在常规治疗的基础上，治疗组加用川芎嗪，两周一疗程，两疗程后分别测定两组治疗前后神经传导速度（NCV）。结果显示治疗组治疗后NCV有显著提高（P〈0．05），表明川芎嗪治疗DPN能改善其临床症状及提高NCV。     

先进制造业技术的特点与发展趋势

首先介绍了先进制造技术发展的特点，重点从数字化、精密化、自动化、集成化、网络化等多方面阐述了先进制造技术的发展趋势和人才培养，以及发展制造业需处理的关系。