研究开发、人力资源和国际技术溢出——一份跨国分析

一 引言 关于内生增长文献的近期贡献已经强调国内研究开发努力和国际技术溢出在解释国家生产率增长方面的重要性。现在,若干理论工作也已经强调研究开发投资和人力资本投资的互补性。然而,关于此互补性的经验文献,尚甚幼稚。在本文中,我们试图在21个经济合作与发     

释放激情的九大因子

使员工和团队保持激情的秘诀无非是修补、恢复和重建成员之间的关系．这种关系要真实、有效、富有创造力……     

Pharmacy discount card programs: catching up with the health markets

Pharmacy costs continue to rise, as does the number of senior citizens. One of the ways of containing costs may be the pharmacy discount drug card program, for both seniors and the general population.     

世界经济环境挑战中国企业

从历史角度来看，世界经济和中国经济的关系进入相互影响的阶段后，中国经济的上升为世界经济的恢复做出了重要的贡献。在我国采取一系列宏观调控后，把过热的经济往下降的时候，世界经济也跟着停止了快速上升的势头。原来是世界经济如果打喷嚏的话。我国要预防感冒，吃点板蓝根。现在的情况是中国经济如果有些问题的话，世界经济也跟着提心吊胆。     

Social marketing to eliminate leprosy in Sri Lanka

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease which, if untreated, can lead to permanent and progressive nerve damage and thus to deformities of the limbs, eyes, and face. People with leprosy have long been ostracized by society. The clinical signs of leprosy include insensitive skin lesions and thickened peripheral nerves. Untreated infectious leprosy cases are the main source of infection, transmitting the disease through nasal secretions. People with low cell-mediated immunity are at risk of developing clinically active leprosy irrespective of gender, age, or social class. The World Health Organization (WHO) has, since 1982, recommended multiple drug therapy (MDT) against leprosy, an approach capable of curing the disease within 1 year and interrupting its transmission. According to WHO, leprosy is currently a public health problem in 55 countries and more than 20% of the estimated 1.15 million cases of leprosy worldwide remain undetected. Although Sri Lanka was the first country in South Asia to provide MDT to all registered leprosy patients, first making it available in 1984, the disease continues to be transmitted due to the large number of undetected cases in the country. An ongoing social marketing program was therefore launched in 1990 by the local health ministry and the Novartis Foundation for Sustainable Development to eliminate leprosy from Sri Lanka. The program encourages people with suspicious skin lesions to seek diagnosis and care, teaches health care providers to recognize leprosy and refer cases for treatment, and helps the general public to understand that leprosy is just a normal disease. The socially marketed product is MDT, provided free-of-charge by the Novartis Foundation to all leprosy patients.