Prices,infrastructure, household characteristics and child height

A Brazilian household survey, ENDEF, in 1974-75 and the 1974 Informacoes Basicas Municipais (IBM) provided data for the analysis of the impact of community services and infrastructure and household characteristics on the logarithm of child height, standardized for age and gender. The sample was comprised of 36,974 children stratified by residential location, the child's age, and the educational level of the mother. Variance and covariance matrices were estimated with the jackknife developed by Efron (1982). Household characteristics included the logarithm of per capita expenditure as a measure of household resource availability, income, and parental education. Community characteristics were local market price indices for 6 food groups (dairy products, beans, cereals, meat, fish, and sugar), level of urbanization, buildings with sewage, water, and electricity connections per capita, per capita number of buildings, and population density. Health services were measured as per capita number of hospitals and clinics and doctors and nurses, and the number of beds are hospital. Educational services include a measure of student teacher ratios, elementary school class size, and per capita number of teachers living in the community. the results show that expenditure had a positive, significant effect on the height of children 2 years and older. Expenditure was a significant determinant for literate and illiterate mothers, and not well educated mothers. The impact of maternal education was largest on the length of babies and declined with the age of the child. Father's education had not impact of length of babies. The effect of parents' education was complementary. The effect of father's education was largest when mothers had some education. Better educated parents had healthier children. Maternal rather than paternal height had an impact of the length of a baby. In the community models, prices had a significant effect on child height, in both urban and rural areas, in all age groups, and for all levels of maternal education. Higher prices were associated with shorter children. Joint price and expenditure interactions were significant. Children at the top of the expenditure distribution were more affected by some prices than by others. Capital building improvements alone and with expenditures were all positively associated with child height. Only nurses per capita impacted on child height.     

Estimation of bamboo forest carbon reserves and analysis of temporal and spatial variation characteristics in China

The study looks at the carbon reserves of bamboo forests in China from 2004 to 2018.The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the carbon reserves of bamboo forests in China were analyzed.It enriches the research field of bamboo forest carbon reserve change at the national level.The bamboo forest carbon reserves of 20 provinces in China were estimated by using the calculation method of bamboo forest biomass and bamboo forest soil organic matter carbon reserves,and the temporal and spa...     

银行资产证券化选择问题

作为一种融资方式 ,资产证券化被银行用作流动性管理和资本管理的工具 ,本文建立了一个简单模型用以描述银行出于这种管理目的而进行资产证券化的选择问题。模型结果显示 ,随着流动性冲击相对于因信用冲击产生资本需求而增大 ,银行选择资产证券化融资方式的成本满足条件逐渐变得相对宽松。尽管资产证券化可以作为资本管理的一种工具 ,但是由于与附属债务融资相比同等数量的证券化只能降低部分资本需求因而其作用效果相对有限。如果证券化的是不良资产 ,由于银行要冲销不良资产损失致使证券化的成本条件相对变得更加严格。利用 1992年至 2 0 0 0年间美国银行控股公司的资产证券化数据对模型所得结论进行检验的结果显示 ,资产证券化数量的变化与流动性冲击紧密相随 ,说明证券化是一种流动性管理工具。我们没有发现支持证券化作为资本管理工具的经验证据。     

Crucibles of leadership

What makes a great leader? Why do some people appear to know instinctively how to inspire employees--bringing out their confidence, loyalty, and dedication--while others flounder again and again? No simple formula can explain how great leaders come to be, but Bennis and Thomas believe it has something to do with the ways people handle adversity. The authors' recent research suggests that one of the most reliable indicators and predictors of true leadership is the ability to learn from even the most negative experiences. An extraordinary leader is a kind of phoenix rising from the ashes of adversity stronger and more committed than ever. In interviewing more than 40 leaders in business and the public sector over the past three years, the authors discovered that all of them--young and old alike--had endured intense, often traumatic, experiences that transformed them and became the source of their distinctive leadership abilities. Bennis and Thomas call these shaping experiences "crucibles," after the vessels medieval alchemists used in their attempts to turn base metals into gold. For the interviewees, their crucibles were the points at which they were forced to question who they were and what was important to them. These experiences made them stronger and more confident and changed their sense of purpose in some fundamental way. Through a variety of examples, the authors explore the idea of the crucible in detail. They also reveal that great leaders possess four essential skills, the most critical of which is "adaptive capacity"--an almost magical ability to transcend adversity and emerge stronger than before.     

沪市股票量价关系研究——基于E-G两步法和脉冲响应函数

本文选取股权分置改革后的数据,通过协整、误差修正模型、Granger因果检验和脉冲响应函数对股价和交易量之间的关系进行了全面深入的研究,得出股价对交易量的影响大于交易量对股价的影响。     

快餐企业并购避税之争

更令美国政府头疼的是，像汉堡王这样选择“逃离”美利坚的大企业比比皆是。     

安全港、《格朗-利奇金融服务现代化法案》及金融服务的隐私问题

《欧盟数据隐私保护指令》(亦可简称《数据隐私保护指令》)于1998年生效。金融服务现代化法案的第三条原则是营销披露原则,即:禁止金融机构向非关联第三方披露个人信息用于营销活动。对金融机构的宽泛定义促进了金融业的合并,也带来了更多联营的机遇。美国联邦制度理事会(FRB)条例确立了其对保险公司在隐私保护事务中的管辖权,从事美国各州法律规制下的各项保险活动的金融控股公司的关联子公司则不适用于此项条例。……这样的解决方案比起完全实行选进制度要容易得多——只需发布新的联邦条例,而无需国会制定新的隐私保护法……最后一条原则,即数据品质原则,它和参与原则一样,均在金融服务现代化法案中没有对应条款……科瓦塞维奇建议除非客户要求选进,否则禁止银行与第三方分享客户数据……这个计划将允许银行与其关联机构无碍地分享信息,除非客户选退,禁止这种行为……     

工业投资的反差及反思

近年来，国家和各地在工业战线投入了相当多的资金，然而普遍感到效益不理想。究其原因来自多方面，但投资取向失衡甚至失准，则是一个重要方面。     

科研系统投入产出方法及模型的探讨

投入产出方法作为一种有效的经济计量学方法,其应用日益广泛。笔者试图将这种方法引入到科学学的定量化研究中来。本文在分析投入产出方法应用于科研领域的必要性和可行性的基础上,比较全面地剖析了科研系统的投入与产出状况,并建立了科研系统的投入产出模型,设计了投入产出表,同时还分析了几个主要方面的可能应用