全文获取类型
收费全文 | 40277篇 |
免费 | 867篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 7578篇 |
工业经济 | 2885篇 |
计划管理 | 6152篇 |
经济学 | 8931篇 |
综合类 | 759篇 |
运输经济 | 269篇 |
旅游经济 | 638篇 |
贸易经济 | 6704篇 |
农业经济 | 1759篇 |
经济概况 | 5379篇 |
信息产业经济 | 4篇 |
邮电经济 | 87篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 205篇 |
2020年 | 416篇 |
2019年 | 633篇 |
2018年 | 1293篇 |
2017年 | 1299篇 |
2016年 | 1055篇 |
2015年 | 479篇 |
2014年 | 846篇 |
2013年 | 3741篇 |
2012年 | 1147篇 |
2011年 | 1679篇 |
2010年 | 1483篇 |
2009年 | 1522篇 |
2008年 | 1453篇 |
2007年 | 1435篇 |
2006年 | 858篇 |
2005年 | 805篇 |
2004年 | 865篇 |
2003年 | 841篇 |
2002年 | 803篇 |
2001年 | 694篇 |
2000年 | 736篇 |
1999年 | 704篇 |
1998年 | 667篇 |
1997年 | 649篇 |
1996年 | 610篇 |
1995年 | 552篇 |
1994年 | 572篇 |
1993年 | 607篇 |
1992年 | 635篇 |
1991年 | 614篇 |
1990年 | 503篇 |
1989年 | 456篇 |
1988年 | 431篇 |
1987年 | 441篇 |
1986年 | 456篇 |
1985年 | 677篇 |
1984年 | 654篇 |
1983年 | 617篇 |
1982年 | 563篇 |
1981年 | 511篇 |
1980年 | 529篇 |
1979年 | 476篇 |
1978年 | 406篇 |
1977年 | 373篇 |
1976年 | 309篇 |
1975年 | 356篇 |
1974年 | 281篇 |
1973年 | 274篇 |
1972年 | 198篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Assessing ten years of unique personnel data from a large firm, this paper investigates how determinants of worker turnover differ between periods of corporate expansion and decline. Performance and career progress considerably reduce the hazard of job separation during downsizing for blue-collar workers, but are less important for white-collar workers. Effects of firm-tenure, occupation, education, training, part-time status, and gender are largely in accordance with the implications from existing models. But no model generates all patterns observed in the data. Age effects are sensitive to retirement options and discontinuous, dropping in response to the anticipation of becoming eligible for early retirement during downsizing and jumping at the actual retirement age. 相似文献
52.
Josef A. Mazanec 《Annals of Tourism Research》1986,13(4)
Deciding on advertising appropriations is a common problem to all National Tourist Offices. The Austrian National Tourist Office now employs a decision support model allowing for inclusion of managerial judgments. In tourism, like elsewhere, application of standard optimization routines to marketing decision making is straight- forward, once the relationship linking market response to input has been modeled adequately. A tailor-made decision calculus procedure eliciting managerial judgments on the relative importance of the factors determining a receiving country's travel market share provides the weights otherwise inaccessible by objective parameter estimation. A tourism manager thus can evaluate countries as tourism generators and allocate an advertising budget accordingly. 相似文献
53.
54.
This paper examines the variables that determine the performance of countries at the Olympic Games as measured by a weighted sum of the medals won at the Sydney 2000 Games. While previous studies have identified the importance of a country's economic size and the resources available to sport, this paper examines nine more variables including the number of athletes representing each nation and some development indicators. Based on 2310 regressions, both traditional and restricted extreme bounds analysis show that only two variables are robust: the number of athletes and national expenditure on health. Thus, the final model recognises four explanatory variables that include these two as well as GDP and population. 相似文献
55.
We propose a new model to estimate the term structure of interest rates using observed on‐the‐run Treasury yields. The new model is an improvement over models that require a priori knowledge of the shape of the yield curve to estimate the term structure. The general form of the model is an exponential function that depends on the estimation of four parameters fit by nonlinear least squares and has straightforward interpretations. In comparing the proposed model with current yield‐curve‐smoothing models, we find that, for the data used, the proposed model does best overall in terms of pricing accuracy both in sample and out of sample. JEL classification: E43, G12 相似文献
56.
This paper explores the methodology of sectoral productivity growth measurement within the framework of input-output analysis. A method which ensures that sectoral productivity growth rates are consistent with productivity growth rates for the economy as a whole (as well as allowing for external trade) is suggested. New estimates are presented on total factor productivity in UK agriculture using a Tornqvist index procedure. In addition, new estimates of agricultural labour productivity growth are presented, taking account not only of labour employed in agriculture but also of labour employed in ancillary industries on the supply side. The empirical results confirm that part of the labour previously employed on farms has shifted “upstream” to industries providing agriculture with fertilises, machinery and other inputs. 相似文献
57.
Yaser A. Alkulaib Mohammad Najand Ahmad Mashayekh 《Journal of Multinational Financial Management》2009,19(1):43-53
The relaxation of security laws and regulations in emerging markets in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) provides abundant opportunities for foreign investors. These markets exhibit high-expected returns and substantial volatility. In this paper, we investigate the lead/lag relationship between the MENA countries and regions. We find no market causality or spillover from one country to another in the North Africa region. Our results for the Levant region reveal that there are linkages between stock markets in this region. The results for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region show that there is more interaction and linkage in the GCC region than in the North Africa and Levant regions. An unexpected result is that UAE's stock market leads all the markets in this region. Finally, we investigate linkages among the three regions. We find that GCC influences the other two regions. 相似文献
58.
Using a sample of Australian Multi-sector trusts we examine selectivity and market timing performance and extend the analysis to include the relatively new measure of volatility timing. This is of particular relevance to our data set, as high levels of volatility persistence are prevalent in Australia. In addition we consider the stability, asymmetry and seasonality of the various performance and risk measures. A survivorship adjustment procedure is also employed in order to assess the impact of survivorship on selectivity, market timing and volatility timing performance. 相似文献
59.
Several recent papers have documented the benefits of debtor-in-possession (DIP) financing in the restructuring of firms in Chapter 11. However, the view on benefits is not unanimous and some legal scholars have raised doubts about DIP financing's effects on debt-holders and the possibility of expropriative wealth transfers. In this paper we address this issue by analyzing both stock and bond price data for a comprehensive sample of DIP loans and find significant positive abnormal stock and bond returns at the announcement of DIP loans. Also, we do not find evidence of wealth transfers from junior to senior debt-holders. Further, we examine the DIP loan process in detail and we document important institutional features of DIP loans such as maturity, covenants, fees and interest charges. We find evidence of intense monitoring using covenants. We also find higher fees and charges associated with DIP loans. We argue that overall the results are consistent with the information processing role of financial intermediaries. 相似文献
60.
Castaneda Marco A.; Garen John; Thornton Jeremy 《Jnl. of Law, Economics, and Organization》2008,24(1):215-246
This article investigates theoretically and empirically theeffects of competition for donors on the behavior of nonprofitorganizations. Theoretically, we consider a situation in whichnonprofit organizations use donations to produce some commodity,but the use of donations is only partially contractible. Themain results of the model indicate that an increase in competition(i) decreases the fraction of donations allocated to perquisiteconsumption and (ii) increases the fraction of donations allocatedto promotional expenditures. Moreover, the effects of competitionare magnified by the ability to contract on the use of donations.These hypotheses are tested with data on the expenditures ofnonprofit organizations in a number of subsectors where competitionis primarily local. We use across–metropolitan statisticalareas' variation to measure differences in competition and proxycontractibility by the importance of tangible assets, whichare more easily observed by donors. The estimated effects ofcompetition and contractibility are consistent with our model. 相似文献