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31.
This paper provides evidence on the relation between private-information-based trading and foreign trading activity on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). We use a recently developed model that utilizes information in volume-return dynamics of individual stocks and show that variables such as size and Tobin's Q explain the extent of speculative activity across firms traded on the ISE. We present evidence supporting the notion that foreign trading activity is associated with informed trading on the ISE. Implications of our findings for emerging markets research are also discussed. 相似文献
32.
We analyze the drivers of nonperforming loans in the Turkish banking system after the 2000–01 Turkish banking crisis. By constructing a vector autoregression model, we perform dynamic out-of-sample forecasts, which yield quite accurate results compared to the actual data. Since forecasting is a very crucial tool for both policy makers and market players, these results are some of the main strengths and contributions of this study. This article shows various patterns between the economic and financial indicators and the nonperforming loans. One important message obtained from the results is that policy makers should be concerned about the status of the economy and the market expectations to maintain stability in the banking system. 相似文献
33.
nci Dursun Ebru Tümer Kabaday Ahmet Turul Tuer 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2019,43(4):402-416
Energy conservation is a crucial aspect of responsible consumption which is the reflection of individual efforts for sustainability. However, especially young consumers are reluctant to reduce their energy consumption despite their pro‐environmental attitudes. Resistance to behavioural change can be attributed to various psychological barriers that help consumer to avoid engaging in pro‐environmental actions. In this context, the first aim of the study is to extend the theoretical and empirical evidence regarding impeding effects of psychological barriers on individual energy conservation behaviour. Secondly, the study investigates the alleviating role of environmental knowledge on those barriers that limit energy conservation. Proposed impeding effects of objective and subjective environmental knowledge on various denial mechanisms, which are in turn expected to hinder energy conservation, were tested using the survey data collected from young Turkish consumers. Results suggest that denial mechanisms hinder young consumers’ energy conservation behaviour indirectly through diminishing feelings of moral obligations. Moreover, it was found that objective environmental knowledge's effect can be used to break down the psychological barriers and to facilitate the change towards more sustainable energy consumption patterns. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
34.
Even though potential impacts of political and legal environments of business on ethical behavior of firms (EBOF) have been conceptually recognized, not much evidence (i.e., empirical work) has been produced to clarify their role. In this paper, using Bayesian causal maps (BCMs) methodology, relationships between legal and political environments of business and EBOF are investigated. The unique design of our study allows us to analyze these relationships based on the stages of development in 92 countries around the world. The EBOF models structured through BCMs are used to explain how EBOF in a given country group are shaped by how managers perceive political, legislative, and protective environments of business in these countries. The results suggest that irregular payments and bribes are the most influential factors affecting managers’ perceptions of business ethics in relatively more advanced economies, whereas intellectual property protection is the most influential factor affecting managers’ perceptions of business ethics in less-advanced economies. The results also suggest that regardless of where the business is conducted in the world, judicial independence is the driving force behind managers’ perceptions of business ethics. In addition, the results of this study provide further support for scholars who argue that business ethics is likely to vary among countries based on their socio-economic factors. In addition to its managerial implications, the study provides directions for policy makers to improve the ethical conduct of businesses in their respective countries. 相似文献
35.
Consumers’ attitudes toward advertising ethics are of interest to marketers who understand that negative attitudes can be harmful to brands. Today advertisers increasingly depend on internet advertising. This study compares attitudes of Millennials (the first generation to use digital media more than traditional media) toward internet advertising with attitudes toward advertising in traditional media. Similar to previous generations who had more negative attitudes toward TV advertising, which was their most frequently used medium, Millennials’ attitudes appeared to be more negative toward internet advertising. Thus, we conclude that advertisers must work to engender positive relationships with Millennials through more ethical internet advertising and other innovative strategies. 相似文献
36.
Responses of inflation and non‐oil output growth from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries to monetary policy shocks from the United States (US) were estimated to determine whether there is evidence to support the US dollar as the anchor for the proposed unified currency. A structural vector autoregression identified with short‐run restrictions was employed for each country with Fed funds rate as the US monetary policy instrument, non‐oil output growth and inflation. The main results suggest that for inflation, the GCC countries show synchronised responses to monetary policy shocks from the US which are similar to inflation in the US, and for non‐oil output growth, there is no clear indication that US monetary policy can be as effective for the GCC countries as it is domestically. Consequently, importing US monetary policy via a dollar peg may guarantee only stable inflation for the GCC countries – not necessarily stable non‐oil output growth. If the non‐oil output response is made conscientiously – and there are concerns over the dollar’s ability to perform its role as a store of value – a basket peg with both the US dollar and the euro may be a sound alternative as confirmed by the variance decomposition analysis of our augmented SVAR with a proxy for the European short‐term interest rate. 相似文献
37.
The behaviour of real wages over the business cycle has received increasiing attention in recent years. The cyclicality of real wages constitues an important aspect of recent models of the business cycle. However,empirical studies undertaken to determine whether real wages are procyclical or countercyclical have reported conflicting findings. In thiis paper we use vector-autoregressions to analyse the cyclicality of real wages. We find that the source of the disturbance plays a decisive role in the cyclical behaviour of real wages. In particular, we demonstrate that a supply shock generates procyclical real wages,whereas a demand shock yields countercyclicality. 相似文献
38.
In general it may be argued that the monopolistically competitive industry is not consistent as viewed from the game-theoretic point of view, and it ignores the strategic aspects of competition. This comment points out specifically how the welfare implications derived from a Nash equilibrium model in which the goods are imperfectly substitutes used by Spence in many articles are incorrect. The total quantities offered by firms at Nash equilibria within this model and those of the market demand curve at the same price levels are not equal. All emanate from the misspecification of the price equation with substitutable goods by Spence which is not appropriate for the Nash equilibria model with many firms. Moreover, some other very important papers of Spence which follow are critisized for the same mathematical contradiction. 相似文献
39.
Ahmet Kara 《Quality and Quantity》2009,43(2):277-289
It is a striking feature of the many of the developing country public service sectors that the sectors in question often overproduce
the quantity of services but underproduce the quality. This feature, which is exemplified in this paper, is rooted in a wide
spectrum of economic and sociological factors ranging from the economic and sociological profile of the service receiving
people to the asymmetric density of service-receiving population across their regions. This feature, we conjecture, is a source
of a considerable degree of suboptimality in some of the developing countries. If our conjecture is correct, correcting such
suboptimalities is likely to yield significant welfare improvements that could help speed up the process of development in
the underdeveloped regions of the world. To analyze the supoopimalites in question, we will first develop a concept (and a
model) of optimal quality in the public service sector, which indicates the level of quality that maximizes expected public satisfaction subject to available resources. Resources
are used in an efficient manner to produce the service in question. The concept and the model in the paper make a needed contribution
to the quality discourse by presenting a way of determining the quality improvements (or adjustments) necessary to achieve
optimum in the public service sector. The paper presents an application (a case study) of this new concept in the public healthcare
sector in Turkey, and explores the differences between the actual and optimal quality in the sector in question. It turns
out that there is a considerable difference between the actual and optimal levels of quality (as well as those of quantity)
in the Turkish public healthcare sector in an overpopulated city (Istanbul), indicating a significant overproduction of quantity and underproduction of quality. Thus, to achieve the optimal levels, the sector should increase quality and reduce quantity by a considerable margin. The
quantified differences (gaps) between actual and optimal levels point out a considerable room for welfare improvement. Optimum-seeking
adjustments closing these gaps could be shown to lead to considerable satisfaction and welfare gains, the measurement of which
is worthy of future research. 相似文献
40.
GCC countries’ output is heavily dichotomized into oil and non-oil. Oil shocks have similar effects on all member countries
but little is known about their responses to non-oil shocks. This paper sets out to determine (1) whether aggregate demand
(AD) and non-oil supply shocks (AS) are symmetrical across these countries to justify their suitability for monetary union;
and (2) whether there is any commonality of shocks with the United States and the three major European countries, namely France,
Germany, and Italy, which can warrant the choice of either the US dollar or the Euro as the anchor for the expected common
currency of the bloc. We use bivariate structural vector autoregression models identified with long-run restrictions to extract
the shocks. Our results show that (a) AD shocks are unequivocally symmetrical but non-oil AS shocks are weakly symmetrical
across GCC countries thereby suggesting a monetary union is feasible, but not overwhelmingly; (b) neither AD nor AS shocks
are symmetrical between GCC countries and the selected European countries; (c) GCC’s AD shocks are symmetrical with the US
but non-oil AS shock are not. Furthermore, there are no significant changes in the results when we aggregate the GCC countries
as a bloc. We therefore surmise that the US dollar is a more appropriate anchor for the new currency than the Euro since US
monetary policy can at least help smooth demand shocks in GCC countries. 相似文献