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931.
Antonio Augusto Rossotto Ioris 《New Political Economy》2013,18(6):912-938
The neoliberalisation of water constitutes an emblematic illustration of the enduring encroachment of neoliberalism upon nature. Previous studies in Latin America have examined the transition from Keynesian water utilities to the neoliberal provisions of water services, but paid less attention to the adaptability of the state apparatus and the systematic adjustments required to sustain neoliberalising strategies. Addressing this gap in the literature, this paper examines two decades of change in the public water services of Lima, Peru, as one of the Latin American countries where neoliberal reforms have been more comprehensive and resilient. The analysis focuses on the water policies advanced by the national state and with the reconfiguration of the state apparatus as a result of extra-economic factors. The neoliberalisation of water may have improved the situation at the aggregate level, but inequalities, scarcities and vulnerabilities have been maintained and even reinforced. The achievements and failures of the neoliberalisation of water have ultimately depended on a range of politico-economic and socioecological interactions creatively mediated by the state apparatus. In the end, however, the neoliberal adjustments in the structure and operation of the state have replicated the double exploitation of nature and society that has long shaped Peruvian economic history. 相似文献
932.
We devise an experiment to explore the effect of different degrees of bargaining power on the design and the selection of
contracts in a hidden-information context. In our benchmark case, each principal is matched with one agent of unknown type.
In our second treatment, a principal can select one of three agents, while in a third treatment an agent may choose between
the contract menus offered by two principals. We first show theoretically how different ratios of principals and agents affect
outcomes and efficiency. Informational asymmetries generate inefficiency. In an environment where principals compete against
each other to hire agents, these inefficiencies may disappear, but they are insensitive to the number of principals. In contrast,
when agents compete to be hired, efficiency improves dramatically, and it increases in the relative number of agents because
competition reduces the agents’ informational monopoly power. However, this environment also generates a high inequality level
and is characterized by multiple equilibria. In general, there is a fairly high degree of correspondence between the theoretical
predictions and the contract menus actually chosen in each treatment. There is, however, a tendency to choose more ‘generous’
(and more efficient) contract menus over time. We find that competition leads to a substantially higher probability of trade,
and that, overall, competition between agents generates the most efficient outcomes. 相似文献
933.
The Manufacturing Wage Inequality in Latin America and East Asia: Openness, Technology Transfer, and Labor Supply 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper examines wage inequality in the manufacturing sector for a panel of Latin American and East Asian economies during the last three decades. A labor supply and demand model is presented where three main determinants of wage inequality are investigated: trade openness, technology transfer, and labor supply. Findings indicate that wage inequality in the two regions has responded differently to the various determinants enumerated above. Some lessons from the comparative experience of the two regions are drawn. 相似文献
934.
Antonio Ribba 《Empirical Economics》2006,31(2):497-511
In this paper, by using a combination of long-run and short-run restrictions, we identify a small structural VECM which includes inflation, unemployment and the federal funds rate and study the dynamic interactions at different frequencies among these variables. Our results show that: (a) in accordance with the traditional view of economic fluctuations, aggregate demand shocks and monetary policy shocks push inflation and unemployment in opposite directions in the short run; (b) the permanent supply shock explains the long-run movement of inflation and unemployment. These conclusions are at odds with the prediction of “natural-rate” models but are consistent with the idea of a propagation mechanism which links productivity shocks to inflation and unemployment at medium and low frequencies. Thus, with respect to some recent studies (e.g. Beyer and Farmer, ECB Working Paper 121, 2002, and Ireland, J Monet Econ 44:279–291, 1999), we offer a different interpretation of the low-frequency comovements between inflation and unemployment characterizing the US economy in the last decades.
相似文献
Antonio RibbaEmail: |
935.
Antonio Gay 《International Review of Economics》2006,53(4):531-537
Pareto in hisManuale asserts that the price concept is inessential for the notion of equilibrium. This view deeply contrasts with the Arrow-Debreu’s
dominant approach of Walrasian derivation. This identifies general equilibrium with a system of prices at which the decentralized
choices of economic agents match. In this paper the author justifies and gives substance to the Paretian point of view. The
differential merit of the Paretian approach is its independence of assumptions of price taking and of convexity in preferences
and in production possibility sets. These assumptions are necessary, in the walrasian framework, only to maintain the centrality
of prices, but they clash against the request of realism. (JEL:BOO, D51, D60) 相似文献
936.
In this paper we present the following concept: the economic and organizational characteristics and the main aspects of the development of telecentres or telework centres, in a wide-ranging context of the use of telecommunications as an instrument to aid social-economic development of deprived rural and urban areas. To be more specific, we analyse how these Telework Centres are set up in diverse information related service enterprises aimed at other businesses or individuals. These initiatives are being subsidized by different public organisms as pilot development aid projects on an international scale. We have made an empirical study on a national scale, using 27 sample centres, from which we have obtained, amongst other things, the characteristics, economic objectives and results achieved from the initiatives that are underway in Spain or that are expected to be achieved from the setting up of these centres. Finally, we present our conclusions on the subject and list the literature used. 相似文献
937.
938.
Based on a particular class of recently developed unobserved component models with, time varying parameters, the objectives of this paper are two-fold. On the one hand, we propose an alternative measure of underlying growth based on our estimated trend derivative with no need for any further transformations. Additionally, using the information embedded on the trend derivative, we provide a simple method for improving quantitative point forecasts in the vicinity of turning points. Empirical applications are presented for a set of seasonal monthly economic indicators of the Spanish economy. 相似文献
939.
Within the standard linear framework, a methodology, formally similar to the labour theory of value, is proposed to compute the direct and indirect commodity contents of any produced good. The proposal is then compared with the more familiar social accounting matrix (SAM) accounting procedure, using an appropriate partitioning of the SAM accounts. Some numerical results are then obtained and compared using a recently compiled SAM for Catalonia. The empirical results show the practical feasibility of the proposed methodology. 相似文献
940.
The services marketing literature focuses on the measurement of service quality and its impact and consequences on businesses. Set in the context of the travel retail agency in Singapore, this study focuses on the relationship between service quality and favourable behavioural intentions. The findings revealed that improving service quality can increase favourable behavioural intentions. However, service improvements that exceed customers' minimum‐service threshold and those that exceed customers' desired‐service level were found to have mixed effect on behavioural intentions. Hence travel agencies must carefully determine the behavioural intentions they wish to foster amongst their various customers and develop service quality strategies in line with the findings of this study. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献