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101.
Should Welfare Administration be Centralized or Decentralized? Evidence from a Policy Experiment
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Bernhard Boockmann Stephan L. Thomsen Thomas Walter Christian Göbel Martin Huber 《The German Economic Review》2015,16(1):13-42
The 2005 reform of the German welfare system introduced two competing organizational models for welfare administration. In most districts, a centralized organization was established where local welfare agencies are bound to central directives. At the same time, 69 districts were allowed to opt for a decentralized organization. We evaluate the relative success of both types in terms of integrating welfare recipients into employment. Compared to centralized organization, decentralized organization has a negative effect on employment chances of males. For women, no significant effect is found. These findings are robust to the inclusion of aspects of internal organization common to both types of agencies. 相似文献
102.
Current pricing and charging methods for the Internet are not based on actual usage of this service, which leads to unfairness
and more important, it does not deliver the right signals through financial incentives to network providers to upgrade critical
links of their networks. The development of new multimedia applications and the convergence to an integrated services network
will foster the tremendous growth of the Internet even more. With the Next Generation Internet not only technical services
like bandwidth reservation will be introduced, but also new applications will emerge within the Internet.
Charging the Internet in a fashion that provides feedback to users and providers has been proposed since the early '90s, however,
only a few implementations and real-world examples are known today. This is due to subsidizing the Internet in its early stages
and due to a technical development that did not care much about charging. With the recent redesign of the Internet protocol
suite and discussions on multiple service classes in the Internet, architectures for charging and accounting have to be revisited,
too.
Economic models for the Internet cannot be tested fully and validated in non-real-world environments, because of the unknown
user behavior. With this uncertainty over what models and pricing schemes to choose, it is evident that a specific charging
and accounting platform will never be accepted by the community. In this paper a novel and flexible architecture for charging
and accounting is proposed that provides a wide range of mechanisms and lets researchers experiment in an environment as close
as possible to the targeted system. As a first step, four different pricing schemes are described, qualitatively assessed
on the proposed platform, and a prototypical implementation performed. One of the economic models that have been implemented
on Arrow is based on different service classes including reservation and recalculates prices dynamically depending on the
traffic situation.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
103.
Filling the Empty Shell. The Public Debate on CSR in Austria as a Paradigmatic Example of a Political Discourse 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Instead of essentializing and defining what CSR “is”, we analyze CSR as a political discourse in which different actors struggle
to fill the empty shell of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) with a legitimate interpretation. In this paper we take the
current debate on CSR in Austria as an example to demonstrate how this debate is shaped by changes in the greater socio-economic
environment. We suggest that this debate might be paradigmatic for the development of CSR in the European/International context.
We argue that the debate and the political moves concerning an implicit or an explicit concept of CSR are rooted in a more
fundamental question: the societal (re-)embedding or disembedding of companies. 相似文献
104.
EU enlargement and governance of the Common Agricultural Policy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The requirements for the implementation, administration and control of the application of the current CAP are much higher than they were 15 years ago. The governance problems caused in the present EU by today’s higher regulation density are already severe. The new member countries are even less well equipped than the present ones to deal with these problems. What political consequences should be drawn? 相似文献
105.
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Swoboda Klaus Harnack Dr. Markus Janz Prof. Dr. Thomas Foscht 《Marketing Review St. Gallen》2006,23(2):38-46
Das Sortimentsmanagement weist in der Fashion-Branche eine von anderen Konsumgüterbranchen abweichende Bedeutung auf. Der
Artikel verdeutlicht die Eckpunkte vertikaler Sortimentssteuerung und formuliert daraus Anforderungen an Handel und Industrie
in zweistufigen, klassischen Systemen, wobei für eine st?rkere schnittstellenübergreifende Vernetzung bei der Sortimentsbestimmung
auf den Handelsfl?chen, im Einkauf des Handels bzw. im Verkauf der Industrie und bei der Steuerung der Best?nde pl?diert wird. 相似文献
106.
Dipl.-Kfm Bernhard Hirsch Univ.-Prof. Dr. Friederike Wall Mag. Johan Attorps 《Controlling & Management》2001,45(2):73-79
Zur Beurteilung von Prozessen werden von Unternehmen unterschiedliche Kriterien herangezogen. Die beschriebene Untersuchung zeigt u.a., dass die Kundenzufriedenheit am h?ufigsten als Beurteilungskriterium verwendet wird. Oft gebraucht werden auch Prozesskosten und die Prozesszeit. 相似文献
107.
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109.
Summary. We consider an OLG model with accumulation in human capital and analyze the economic implications of information about individual skills. Agents in each period differ by the random innate ability assigned to each individual. When young, all agents are screened for their abilities and this screening process (signal) constitutes a public information which is used in choosing the level of private investment in education. We demonstrate that in the presence of risk sharing markets better information may be harmful for all in equilibrium, and find conditions under which better information either enhances growth or reduces growth.Received: 8 September 2003, Revised: 3 March 2004, JEL Classification Numbers:
D80, J24.Correspondence to: Bernhard EckwertWe are pleased to acknowledge the useful comments and suggestions of R. Benabou, Z. Eckstein, E. Helpman, B. Ravikumar and D. Tsiddon. Also, special thanks are given to two anonymous referees. This research was supported by a Grant from G.I.F., the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development. 相似文献
110.
This paper answers, by means of a content analysis of three regional daily papers, the question of whether political journalism in regional newspapers is more entertaining today than it was in 1980. On the level of articles, increased entertainment can consist of using specific design elements. On the thematic level, topics that are entertaining per se (e. g. human interest topics) can take the place of or occur in addition to political information. In all the papers that were examined, political articles possess a larger potential for entertainment today than they did in 1980. Additionally, the percentage of political information has decreased, while the number of articles on human interest topics has increased. Finally, this paper discusses how that result is to be evaluated from the point of view of the theory of democracy: “Infotainment” can be beneficial in some circumstances. Therefore, entertainment should not be disparaged in general; one needs to be careful when assessing it normatively. 相似文献