Embedding knowledge and value of a brand into sustainability for differentiation

Organisations offer products to consumers, buyers often question if the product or its production process are linked to the environmental, social or economic challenges being faced by mankind. Inquisitiveness of customers in this direction points towards an opportunity for marketers to create differentiation based on the concerns of brand towards overall issue of sustainability. The authors have synthesized knowledge from various domains with a positivistic approach to understand sustainability from the perspective of branding. Using empirical knowledge this study recommends embedding sustainability into brand knowledge and brand value for creating a differentiation for the brand in a competitive market.     

India's development in the era of growth

The recent growth pattern of India is set in the context ofthe parallel experience of China, the experience of povertyreduction is reviewed, and a number of papers illuminating India'sdevelopment are introduced.     

Injury Investigations in Antidumping and the Super-Additivity Effect: A Theoretical Explanation

Empirical evidence shows that in injury investigations in antidumping cases conducted by the United States International Trade Commission, the probability of a positive finding is higher when the number of defendant firms is larger, holding constant their total market share. In the paper we offer a theoretical explanation of this finding. We show that the presence of many exporters exacerbates the free-rider problem, which leads every firm to invest less on defense. Thus for the same market share, injury finding is more likely to be positive for many small sellers than a few large sellers. JEL no. F13, L13     

Public spending, voracity, and Wagner's law in developing countries

An examination of the short- and long-term relation between government spending and output in 51 developing countries reveals evidence consistent with cyclical ratcheting and voracity reflected in a tendency for government spending to increase over time. The main components of government spending are procyclical in some 40% of countries. Output and government spending are cointegrated for at least one of the spending aggregates in 70% of countries, implying a long-term relationship between government spending and output consistent with Wagner's law. In contrast, prior studies have found only weak support for Wagner's law for developing countries, although somewhat stronger support for industrial countries.     

Privatization, Labor and Social Safety Nets

Privatization promotes economic efficiency and growth, thereby reinforcing macroeconomic adjustment. In the short run, however, it can lead to job losses and wage cuts for workers. This paper discusses these adverse impacts of privatization in terms of various methods of privatization and surveys the existing empirical evidence. It finds that public sales and auctions can have stronger negative effects on workers but maximize the government's revenue. Policymakers' options for mitigating the social impact of privatization are surveyed.     

The History of the Dirichlet and Liouville Distributions

The Dirichlet distributions have long been the subject of intense scrutiny in statistics and probability. Despite the enormous interest in, and wide-ranging applications of, these distributions, little appears to be known about their history. In this article we review the development of the Dirichlet distributions and their companions, the Liouville distributions. After reviewing some integral formulas of Dirichlet and Liouville, we survey the theory and applications of these distributions in statistics.     

中国商飞进入跑道

2007年2月，中国国务院批准并任命“中国商用飞机有限责任公司”，寄望该公司在2020年成为国产大型喷气式客机制造公司，入围世界三大商用飞机制造商。     

Looking for voting paradoxes in Indian elections

We try to find out a methodology for identifying Borda Paradox and Condorcet Paradox in the absence of information on preference profile of citizens, and try to apply the same to find out existence of such paradoxes in the 2004 Indian Parliamentary elections.     

Forecasting inflation in an inflation targeting economy: structural versus nonstructural models

We propose a comparison between atheoretical and theoretical models in forecasting the inflation rate for an inflation-targeting country such as South Africa. In a pseudo real-time environment, our results show that for shorter horizons, the atheoretical error correction models, with and without factors, perform better; while for longer horizons, theoretical (Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium-based) models outperform their competitors.     

Portfolio behaviour of selected financial institutions in Canada

It is by now fairly well accepted that financial insititutions in general play role in a market-oriented economy. However,the aim of this paper is more limited. More particularty, it examines the nature of substitutability in the protfolios of selected financial institutions in Canada. The institutions covered are commercial banks, trust and mortgage companies, life insurance companies, and property and casualty companies. These four institutions are by far the most important. The assests covered are, in the most part, dictated by the availability of data. In spite of the obvious significance of the subject, there has been remarkably little work in this area in Canada. The only comprehensive study seems to be that by the Bank of Canada (Clinton and Masson, 1975). However, even this study is confined to the behaviour of commercial banks and the trust and mortgage companies, althouth the treatment of the trust and mortgage companies' portfolio is rather minimal only because just one of its assets is studied. The study covered monthly data until the end of December 1973. The scheme of this paper is as follows. In section I, we briefly discuss the model, the data and the estimation procedures used. In section II the results are given and discussed. The paper concludes with a summary of the main results.