农民金融素养、农地转入与农地抵押融资——基于陕西、宁夏、山东1947户农户调查数据的实证

探索性构建了要素流动视角下"金融素养—农地转入—农地抵押融资"的理论框架,阐释了农民金融素养、农地转入与农地抵押融资交易之间的关联机理,采用陕西、宁夏、山东农地经营权抵押贷款试点地区1947户农户调查数据,运用工具变量法实证探究了金融素养对农民农地转入和农地抵押融资交易的影响,并运用中介效应模型实证检验了农地转入在金融素养影响农民农地抵押融资交易关系中的中介作用.研究结果表明,金融素养对农民农地转入参与及其规模、农地抵押融资参与及其规模均发挥显著促进作用.研究还证实,农地转入规模显著促进农民农地抵押融资交易,且在金融素养影响农民农地抵押融资关系中具有部分中介作用.据此提出系统推进农民金融素养培育工程、协调深化农地经营权流转改革和抵押融资改革等政策建议.     

Corporate Lobbying and Firm Performance

Corporate lobbying activities are designed to influence legislators, regulators and courts, presumably to encourage favorable policies and/or outcomes. In dollar terms, corporate lobbying expenditures are typically one or even two orders of magnitude larger than spending by Political Action Committees (PAC), and, unlike PAC donations, lobbying amounts are direct corporate expenditures. We use data made available by the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 to examine this more pervasive form of corporate political activity. We find that, on average, lobbying is positively related to accounting and market measures of financial performance. These results are robust across a number of empirical specifications. We also report market performance evidence using a portfolio approach. We find that portfolios of firms with the highest lobbying intensities significantly outperform their benchmarks in the three years following portfolio formation.     

Incentives to move up: Effects of pay gaps between levels on employee performance

Employees of a certain rank are motivated by the pay gap between them and the levels above (upward comparison), and the pay gap between them and the levels below (downward comparison). In some cases, employees face multiple upward comparisons such as immediate and subsequent upward comparisons. We hypothesise that upward comparison matters more than downward comparison, and in the case of multiple upward comparisons, the immediate one matters more than the subsequent ones. We also hypothesise that the pay gap effect resulting from the upward/downward comparison ought to be non‐linear in that performance increases with pay gap size at a decreasing rate. The results from two empirical studies, namely, a longitudinal field study and a laboratory experiment, largely support our hypotheses.     

新时代中国区域高质量发展的动力转变方向及形成路径研究

高质量发展已经成为中国经济发展的根本导向。作为经济体系的重要组成部分之一,区域经济的高质量发展要求增强发展动力的均衡性、精准性、融合性、复制性和专业性。其中,由外需动力为主转向内外需动力并重、由所有区域的齐头并进到不同区域的各展所长、由地方竞争的发展速度到区域协调的规模经济、由个体区域的率先发展到个体区域的综合示范、由综合性区域战略到专业性区域政策是动力转型的主要方向,培育具有世界级竞争力的产业集群、细化主体功能区规划、构建共享型的区域利益关系、构建可复制的区域发展路径、完善区域管理制度是实现上述转型的支撑路径。     

Economic modelling of costs associated with outcomes reported for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in the CANVAS and EMPA-REG cardiovascular outcomes trials

Aims: To model direct medical costs associated with reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in T2DM patients reported in the CANVAS and EMPA-REG trials, which assessed the cardiovascular safety of canagliflozin and empagliflozin, respectively.

Materials and methods: Costs were modeled from a US managed care organization (MCO) perspective for the CVD outcomes included in both trials: three-point major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and its components (cardiovascular-related death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke), as well as heart failure requiring hospitalization. The rate of CVD events averted (difference between study drug and placebo) was projected to the portion of an MCO T2DM population matching the respective trial’s inclusion criteria. A targeted literature search for paid amounts directly associated with each CVD event provided the unit costs, which were applied to the projected number of events averted, to calculate costs avoided per member per year (PMPY). One-way sensitivity analyses were performed on events averted, unit costs, and percentages of trial-applicable patients.

Results: Based on three-point MACE events averted, costs avoided PMPY of $6.17 (range: $1.27–$10.94) for CANVAS and $2.75 ($0.19–$4.83) for EMPA-REG were estimated. Costs avoided for individual components of MACE ranged from $0.77 to $3.84 PMPY for CANVAS and from -$0.97 (additional costs) to $1.54 for EMPA-REG. PMPY costs avoided for heart failure were $2.72 for CANVAS and $1.32 for EMPA-REG.

Limitations and conclusions: Models assumed independent, non-recurrent outcomes and were restricted to medical costs directly associated with the trial-reported events. The reductions in CVD events in T2DM patients reported for both CANVAS and EMPA-REG project to a positive cost avoidance for these events in an MCO population. The analysis did not include an assessment of the impact on total cost, as the costs associated with adverse events, drug utilization or other clinical outcomes were not examined.     

金融压力、所有制结构与银行风险承担——基于中国影子银行活动的实证研究*

2008年金融危机之后，监测与防范系统性金融风险、维护金融稳定成为各国监管机构的工作重点。本文构建了一个反映我国系统性金融风险的中国金融压力指数（FSIC）。基于此，本文研究不同所有制结构的商业银行将如何调整影子银行业务以应对系统性金融风险。实证结果表明，当金融压力上升时，相较于国有银行，非国有银行的风险承担水平显著上升。进一步研究发现，这一差异与两类银行对影子银行这一风险业务的调整有关。当金融压力上升时，国有银行会显著减少影子银行业务，而非国有银行的影子银行业务不会减少。本文提出了国有银行的双重职能这一观点来解释实证研究的发现。本文的研究结论对于指导我国金融市场化改革和防范系统性金融风险具有重要启示。     

产权性质、企业精准扶贫行为与资本市场反应

以2015~2018年A股上市公司为研究对象，考察企业精准扶贫行为动因与方式选择及所引起的市场反应。结果发现：国有企业和政治关联民营企业精准扶贫更积极，但两者精准扶贫方式存在差异，国有企业更倾向整合型精准扶贫，政治关联民营企业则倾向慈善型精准扶贫。进一步，企业参与精准扶贫产生了积极市场反应；相较国有企业，民营企业精准扶贫产生的市场反应更积极，尤其体现在政治关联民营企业中。同时，扶贫方式及扶贫持续性对精准扶贫信息披露的市场反应有影响。     

因病致贫与缓冲效应的比较优势

当大病的自付医疗费用支出占家庭非食品支出的比例超过一定门槛值时，灾难性医疗支出发生，会增大因病致贫或返贫的概率。本文基于中国家庭追踪调查数据库（CFPS）2014年数据，利用A-F多维贫困测量方法有效识别贫困家庭，探究因病致贫发生率。大病冲击使贫困发生率增加15%，总财富减少6.9%。我们还发现医疗保险、社会资本及民间借贷对因病致贫都具有缓冲效应。这三种缓冲垫具有各自比较优势：医疗保险对中低收入家庭或中高疾病风险家庭缓冲效应显著；社会资本的缓冲效应只存在中高收入家庭或高风险疾病家庭；民间借贷只对低收入家庭具有缓冲效应。因此，家庭尤其是低收入家庭应合理利用缓冲垫，提高大病冲击的抵御能力，降低因病致贫的发生率。     

创新资源集聚、技术创新成果与企业成长——基于我国上市IT企业面板数据的实证研究

文章运用Eviews 6.0软件,以沪深49家IT企业的面板数据实证研究创新资源集聚、技术创新成果产出、企业成长三者的内在关联,并对家族企业和非家族企业的技术创新进行对比研究。研究发现,研发人员数达到促进技术创新成果产出的门槛值以后,其与技术创新成果产出之间会呈现显著正向关系,与企业成长之间仅存在边际意义上的U型关系;产学研合作和企业成长呈现出显著的U型关系,但与企业技术创新成果的产出也只存在边际意义上的U型关系;研发支出与企业技术创新成果产出和企业成长均只存在边际意义上的U型关系;技术创新成果与企业成长之间存在显著U型关系;产权属性对企业技术创新存在影响,家族企业较非家族企业更加注重技术创新实践。