Has Germany Been Europeanised or Has Europe Become (too) Germanic?

It has often been argued that European monetary unification must basically be seen as a device to Europeanise re-unified Germany. For the Germans it seemed to be the best possible way to prevent a German “Sonderweg” and end any German ambition for hegemony. For the rest of Europe, and particularly France, it seemed to be the best way to curb German monetary dominance and to secure a French imprint on EU policy-making. In this article, however, it is argued that the German impact on the economic governance regime of EMU and its fencing off the French proposal of a “gouvernement economique” is so substantial that the term “Germanic Europe” seems in fact to be appropriate. More importantly, the economic governance system of “Germanic Europe” has locked the European Union into a politics of disinflation which makes it difficult for the EU to prosper and reap the potential fruits of European integration.

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* This paper was written while the author was a guest researcher at the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI), Brussels, from March to April 2005. He is most grateful to Andrew Watt for his help and the ETUI for its support.     

白羊峪、青山关景区游客消费意向调查与乡村旅游资源开发建议

乡村旅游目前在中国正在成为一种时尚的旅游选择,本文通过对中国唐山白羊峪、青山关两个著名乡村旅游景区游客消费意向的调查与分析,对中国今后乡村旅游资源开发提出建议。     

Fiscal adjustments,labour market flexibility and unemployment

Using a panel of 17 countries for 1978–2009, we find that tax-driven consolidations increase unemployment by 0.25 percentage points. Labour market flexibility mitigates this: a one-point rise in the flexibility index reduces youth (long-term) unemployment by 0.6–0.7 (1.8–2.2) percentage points.     

Tax compliance under horizontal and vertical equity conditions: An experimental approach

Tax compliance is a complex phenomenon, which requires to be addressed from different perspectives. We report the results of a real-effort experiment aiming at testing the effect of different equity conditions on individual tax compliance levels. We show that equity considerations seem to change individual behaviour only when a vertically unfair tax system is implemented. Also, random effects Tobit estimations show that being audited in the previous period has a negative effect on tax evasion, whereas the level of the fine paid in the previous period positively affects income underreporting. Also, we find that when subjects are in the vertical inequity condition they are significantly more likely to fully evade taxes than in the equity condition, whereas such result cannot be found in the horizontal inequity condition. Finally, we find a standard gender effect showing that female participants are less likely to evade taxes than man and that risk aversion negatively affect tax evasion behaviour.     

福建省工业结构特征及其调整思路

福建省作为改革开放的先行区域,其工业结构的特征有别于全国,文章在分析福建省工业结构特征和工业结构形成条件的基础上,提出福建省工业结构调整的思路。     

实行消费启动化解经济风险

我国经济增长一直居于高位，但已有几种伴生现象，主要是商品过剩、资金过剩和失业率上升，正蕴育着一些风险或危机。这三者都是由生产过剩所引起。生产过剩意味着消费相对于生产已严重滞后。因此，要根治生产过剩，化解经济风险，关键是大力促进消费增长，并以消费启动经济运行全过程。坚持以消费带动投资增长，这是消费启动所固有的内涵和基本要求。     

土地资源消耗方式的转变与创新

通过系统分析土地资源的消耗特点,从土地资源的供给力、非正常消耗率的角度,阐明了节约用地和严格控制土地资源消耗的紧迫性.系统地提出了土地资源消耗方式转变与创新应遵循的基本原则,以及相应的战略措施.     

The relationship between satisfaction and loyalty: A mediator analysis

This study proposes a multiple mediation model to analyze the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty. The study's contribution to the literature is to examine, empirically, the main antecedents and determinants of this endogenous variable in greater depth. Thus, the research fills a gap in the literature through its analysis of the mediating role of perceived switching costs and the perceived lack of attractiveness of alternative offerings. This study applies variance-based structural equation modeling via partial least squares to a sample of 785 customers from 74 insurance companies in the service sector. The results show that perceived switching costs – to a greater extent – and the perceived lack of attractiveness of alternative offerings – to a lesser extent – are significant mediators in the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty.     

入世后中国商人商务谈判文化适应现象分析

入世后,中国传统的商务谈判模式和谈判策略面,临着极大的挑战。中国外贸商人在学习西方文化和商业知识的同时．也尝试着改变自己的谈判方式以更好地适应WTO的贸易规则,中国外贸商人在谈判中遇到文化威胁等问题;在国际贸易谈判中的文化适应应是文化差异的适应,其文化取向方面是“沙拉式”的,而非“熔炉式”的。     

FDI对中国经济发展的绩效及对策分析

改革开放以来,中国FDI流入量不断提高,对经济发展的作用也日益重要。今后,应当根据全球FDI流动的新趋势,加快我国吸收外FDI方式创新。