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991.
In the shadow of the global financial crisis, the issue of the marketing of credit has become an increasing concern in the past 12 months. Outstanding personal debt in the UK currently stands at £1479 billion and is rising by £1 million every 10.6 min. In Australia, there is currently $44.6 billion worth of outstanding credit card debt, and in the US, $2596 billion was owed on credit cards in 2008. At present, the banking sector utilizes sophisticated research methods to profile consumers, including those who might be considered financially vulnerable. However, the policy frameworks in most industrialized countries do not account for this form of target marketing when considering how to protect vulnerable groups. This paper is an initial attempt to examine the different methods by which profiling is conducted and the policy implications of this sophisticated form of segmentation and targeting. We argue that current consumer policies are inadequate in protecting vulnerable consumers from these marketing techniques, and recent recommendations from the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States, and the Australian Law Reform Commission to allow banks and lenders to ‘pre‐screen’ potential customers will exacerbate personal debt levels, rather than reducing them. 相似文献
992.
Anne T. Coughlan S. Chan Choi Wujin Chu Charles A. Ingene Sridhar Moorthy V. Padmanabhan Jagmohan S. Raju David A. Soberman Richard Staelin Z. John Zhang 《Marketing Letters》2010,21(3):317-333
This paper shows how analytic modeling research in the Marketing field is focused on answering questions of “How?” and “Why?” It describes the disciplines involved in analytic modeling; examines how the key criteria of parsimony and robustness help to define a good model; and discusses other goodness criteria, including appropriate use of analytic techniques, applicability of the model to institutionally rich, real-world problems, non-obvious results, generalizability, and ability to provide insight where other research techniques do not work. The paper defines and discusses key concepts in analytic models of distribution channels, including double marginalization, coordination, incentive alignment and contract design, strategic substitutability and complementarity, externalities, and principal–agent problems. Next, the paper summarizes research presented in the session on analytic models in channels at the Erin Anderson conference; and finally, the paper suggests avenues for future analytic modeling research. 相似文献
993.
The influence of C2C communications in online brand communities on customer purchase behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mavis?T.?AdjeiEmail author Stephanie?M.?Noble Charles?H.?Noble 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2010,38(5):634-653
Increasingly, consumers use the internet as a vehicle for pre-purchase information gathering. While technical specifications
and potentially biased selling points can be gleaned from corporate web sites, online brand communities are becoming essential
conduits for the customer-to-customer (C2C) sharing of product information and experiences. This study develops and tests
a model of online C2C communications in developing desirable online brand community outcomes. Two studies were used to test
the model. In Study 1, a netnography technique was employed and conversations between brand community members were coded and
combined with survey data to test the research model. In Study 2 an experiment was conducted to further test the sequence
of events in our base model. Our findings show that online brand communities are effective tools for influencing sales, regardless
of whether these communities reside on company-owned or independently-owned websites. In addition, we demonstrate interesting
asymmetrical effects, whereby the positive information shared by community members has a stronger moderating influence on
purchase behavior than negative information. Further, we find that online brand communities are effective customer retention
tools for retaining both experienced and novice customers. These findings highlight the need for all firms to carefully consider
their online community strategies. 相似文献
994.
Charles F. Manski 《Journal of Public Economic Theory》2017,19(3):603-619
Social interactions make communicable disease a core concern of public health policy. A prevalent problem is scarcity of empirical evidence informative about how interventions affect illness. Randomized trials, which have been important to evaluation of treatments for noninfectious diseases, are less informative about treatment of communicable diseases because they do not fully reveal the indirect preventive (herd immunity) effect of vaccination on persons who are not vaccinated or are unsuccessfully vaccinated. This paper studies the decision problem faced by a health planner who observes the illness rate that occurs when persons make decentralized vaccination choices and who contemplates whether to mandate vaccination. The planner's objective is to minimize the social cost of illness and vaccination. Uncertainty about the magnitude of the indirect effect of vaccination implies uncertainty about the illness rate that a mandate would yield. I first study a simple representative‐agent setting and derive conditions under which the planner can determine whether mandating vaccination is optimal. When optimal policy is indeterminate, I juxtapose several criteria for decision making—expected utility, minimax, and minimax‐regret—and compare the policies they generate. I then extend the analysis to a more general setting in which members of the population may have heterogenous attributes. I have benefitted from the opportunity to present this work in seminars at the Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, the Department of Economics, University of California at Santa Barbara, and the Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California. I have also benefitted from the comments of an anonymous reviewer and associate editor. 相似文献
995.
Nick Hanley Christopher Boyce Mikołaj Czajkowski Steve Tucker Charles Noussair Michael Townsend 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2017,68(4):821-846
A substantial literature in behavioural science and psychology shows that emotions affect human choices and values. This paper investigates whether such emotional impacts are also present in stated choice experiments for environmental goods. If this were so, it would introduce an additional element of context dependence to the welfare measures derived from such methods, and would be at odds with the rational choice model underlying welfare economics. A laboratory experiment using three different emotion treatments was combined with a stated preference choice experiment concerned with changes in coastal water quality and fish populations in New Zealand. No statistically significant effects of changes in emotional state on estimated preference parameters, willingness to pay or the randomness of choices were found. The paper concludes by questioning, why such a contrast exists with empirical findings in behavioural science. 相似文献
996.
This paper examines the variability of workers’ earnings in Canada over the period 1982–2006. We decompose the total variance of workers’ earnings into a ‘permanent’ component between workers and a ‘transitory’ earnings instability component over time for given workers. We then investigate the statistical relationships between these components and indicators for the business cycle. The most marked change in earnings variances in Canada since 1982 is the general rise in total earnings variance, which is essentially driven by a quite dramatic rise in long‐run earnings inequality. The patterns across age categories of the two variance components are almost opposite. Long‐run earnings inequality generally rises with age, but earnings instability is seen to generally decline with age, so that earnings instability is markedly highest among entry age workers. Unemployment rate effects are positive on almost all variance measures, while higher unemployment is associated with widened long‐run earnings differentials and greater short‐run earnings instability. 相似文献
997.
Markus Wråke Erica Myers Dallas Burtraw Svante Mandell Charles Holt 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2010,46(3):331-336
An important feature of emissions trading is how emissions permits are allocated. The choice between an auction and free allocation
should not influence firms’ production choices nor consumer prices according to economic theory. However, many parties expect
the method of allocation to affect product prices. This paper describes an experimental investigation into price determination
under a cap-and-trade program with different allocation methods. Participants initially display diverse pricing strategies.
However, given a simple economic setting in which earnings depend on behavior, we find that subjects learn to consider the
opportunity cost of permits and overall behavior moves toward the economic prediction. 相似文献
998.
999.
Measurement of technical efficiency is carried out at many levels of aggregation—at the individual branch, plant, division, or district level; at the company- or organization-wide level; at the industry or sectoral level; or at the economy-wide level. In this paper, we examine the conditions under which these indexes constructed at various levels of aggregation can be consistent with one another—that is, the extent to which efficiency indexes can be consistently aggregated. Unfortunately, our results are discouraging, indicating that very strong restrictions on the technology and/or the efficiency index itself are required to enable consistent aggregation (or disaggregation). 相似文献
1000.
Mary M. Long Sylvia D. Clark Leon G. Schiffman Charles McMellon 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2003,5(6):421-432
This research explores whether frequent flyer programmes somehow add to the quality of life of the frequent business traveller (defined in this study as business flyers who had flown round trip 26 or more times in the past 12 months). A questionnaire was mailed to subscribers of a newsletter for members of frequent air and hotel programmes. Results indicated that frequent flyer programmes contribute positively to frequent business travellers' lifestyles and to their quality of life, perhaps by countervailing some of the negative aspects of frequent business travel. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献