外商直接投资的知识溢出与中国区域经济增长

本文构建了包括国内知识资本、外商在华直接投资的知识溢出和地区技术进步的分析框架,通过中国29个省(直辖市、自治区)1992—2006年的面板数据检验了中国区域R&D投入、外商在华直接投资的知识溢出对地区技术进步的影响。研究表明:地区自身科技投入是推动地区技术进步的最主要因素;受中国目前引资结构和质量的影响,外商在华直接投资的知识溢出效应特别是通过FDI企业在当地从事生产活动带来的知识溢出效应并不明显;FDI渠道传递的外国R&D资本对技术进步的促进作用与当地的经济、科技发展水平有着密切关系。在上述结论的基础上,论文对中国FDI引资战略和区域经济发展提出了相应的政策建议。     

浅析产品外观在油田化学品标准中的重要性

指出了产品标准中的外观技术要求存在着不完善和不准确的现象。通过对组成产品外观3个要素的分析,以及产品外观在油田化学用剂的质量检验中对评定结果影响的讨论,明确了外观在产品标准中的重要性。并依据讨论结果提出了建议,旨在解决标准中外观技术要求存在的问题,更好地指导产品质量检验工作。     

An empirical study on FDI international knowledge spillovers and regional economic development in China

This article has constructed a framework to analyze the relationship between national innovation investments, international knowledge spillover due to FDI and regional technological progress. We use the panel data sample in 1992–2006 from China’s 29 provinces (municipalities or autonomous regions) to test the impact of China’s regional R&;D investments, international knowledge spillovers of FDI on its regional technological progress. It reveals that the local investments in science and technology are the most important factors to promote technological progress; for the structure and quality of China’s current FDI, the knowledge spillover effects from FDI, especially through the FDI enterprises’ manufacturing activities, are not obvious; the local gains in its technology development from FDI depends on its economic and technological level. Based on the above conclusions we give the corresponding policy recommendations for China’s FDI policy and regional economic development.     

产权契约的不完备性与企业治理效率优化

现代契约理论认为，市场的价格机制的运行是有成本的，企业的行政权威取代市场价格机制节约了交易费用，在市场经济中，各种生产要素为最有效地激发贡献率自愿通过签订一系列的契约形成经济组织。要素所有在订立契约时是平等的，各种要素通过契约关系的结合创造了企业剩余，所以作为平等独立的要素所有的契约各方都有权参与企业剩余利润的分配。各要素投入都是理性的经济人，都希望能索取最多的剩余，然而各种要素对企业剩余的贡献难以界定，这样企业内部就存在这样一对矛盾：有限的剩余和无限的剩余索取欲望。为了消除这一矛盾，就需重新达成新的契约安排，调整各要素投入的责权利，这在一定程度上取决于诸要素的相对地位及谈判能力。行为的不确定性、信息非对称、交易费用的存在、交易双方的有限理性和机会主义，以及各要素在企业中的相对地位不断地变化，决定了要制定出完备的契约是不可能的，不完全契约成为普遍的现象。     

Market behavior towards brand choice-multidimensional scaling approach

A two-factor model of market behavior towards brand choice is developed and empirically tested. Even though the study is only exploratory in nature, the results are encouraging in that the model seems to perform satisfactorily in understanding and prediceint the market behavior towards brand choice.     

知识经济时代世界服务贸易发展的新趋势及中国的对策

21世纪是知识经济世纪,服务经济化是知识经济时代的显著特征。在知识经济的发展和作用下,世界服务贸易的格局正在发生深刻的变化,服务贸易呈现出一些新的发展趋势。文章对此进行了分析,并结合知识经济背景下中国服务贸易发展的新特点,提出了中国迎接知识经济挑战、发展服务贸易的相关政策建议。     

对外开放对中国技术创新能力影响的实证研究——基于时间序列数据的VAR模型分析

对外贸易、外商在华直接投资和吸收海外人力资本是中国对外开放过程中利用国际知识溢出效应的重要渠道,其对提升中国技术创新水平、加速经济增长具有重要作用。深入探讨了对外贸易、海外人力资本、外商在华直接投资与中国技术创新能力提升之间的关系,并运用VAR模型进行了实证检验。结果显示,对外贸易和利用海外人力资本对中国技术创新能力的提高存在较强的正效应,而外商在华直接投资则存在一定局限性。     

Evaluation of quality factors in marketing experiments

In many cases of practical interest, marketing experiments involve the evaluation of qualitative factors such as packaging, display, color, and shape, along with quantitative factors such as price, profits, and sales. This article discusses an alternative model for the analysis of variance of such experiments in the place of the standard analysis of variance. The differences between the alternative model and the standard model are illustrated with an example of a marketing experiment. In spite of its direct applicability to business experiments the model has been heretofore over-looked by business practitioners and the results as well as their implications have not been discussed anywhere in the business literature.     

干中学、过度投资和R&D对人力资本积累的“侵蚀效应”

R&D的过度投资对人力资本积累具有"侵蚀效应"。本文提出了一个同时内生化技术进步和人力资本积累的经济增长模型,强调了R&D过程中的两种特征,即R&D过程需要人力资本投入和新技术的研发通过干中学获得,并就R&D对人力资本积累的"侵蚀效应"所造成的负外部性进行了分析。通过比较分散经济均衡和集中经济均衡,本文得出结论:垄断加价及其引致的物质资本和人力资本的过度投资与"侵蚀效应"相互交错、共同作用,会在一定程度上降低人力资本的积累率和经济增长率。     

Foreign trade, environmental protection and sustainable economic growth in China

Since the 1990s, China has exhibited growth in both foreign trade and the economy. Promoting environmental protection and sustainable economic growth are main concerns in the academic profession in the country. This paper makes an empirical analysis of trade and environmental pollution, and discusses the inherent relationship between foreign trade, environmental protection and sustainable economic growth. In addition, this paper makes several policy suggestions with a view to adjusting trade structure, enforcing environmental protection and promoting sustainable economic growth in China.