台海两岸ICT制造业的贸易模式及其决定因素分析

本文基于中国台湾1993～2010年的贸易数据对台海两岸信息通信科技(ICT)制造业最终产品和零部件贸易模式进行解析,研究结果显示:台海两岸ICT制造业的贸易模式逐步从20世纪90年代以产业间贸易为主转变为21世纪以产业内贸易为主,这一点在零部件贸易中表现得尤为突出;无论是最终产品还是零部件,台海两岸ICT产品产业内贸易都以垂直产业内贸易为主,并且零部件产业内贸易中垂直产业内贸易所占比重明显高于最终产品;进一步分析ICT产品垂直产业内贸易中台湾的相对技术优势发现,无论是在最终产品还是零部件垂直产业内贸易中,台湾对大陆出口的高技术含量产品均占据优势份额且呈迅速上涨趋势。台海两岸ICT制造业的产业内贸易模式的实证检验表明,两岸ICT零部件的产业内贸易主要是由驱动ICT全球性生产网络发展的垂直专业分工链条的分解所导致,而ICT最终产品的产业内贸易则主要是由市场规模等需求性因素所导致。     

重庆企业跨国投资的战略选择

重庆企业“走出去”是市里一项长期坚定不移的发展战略,因此,必须对重庆市企业跨国投资的方式、区位、产业、主体因地制宜、高瞻远瞩地做出战略选择,只有这样,才能使重庆市企业在国际化经营战略中占领制高点,在经济一体化的国际大市场中占有自己的一席之地,分得自己的一杯羹,进而在激烈的国际市场竞争中,站稳脚跟、立于不败之地。     

我国城市主题公园运营模式与发展对策研究——以北京主题公园为例

北京主题公园在发展过程中存在一些问题,通过对国内外成功主题公园开发模式分析和对北京市主题公园发展现状,为北京市主题公园提出了发展策略。     

Why do companies issue convertible bond loans? An empirical analysis for the Canadian market

To identify issuer motives, we study the determinants of announcement effects of convertible debt issues in the Canadian market. Classified into equity‐ and debt‐like, wealth effects are significantly more negative for equity‐like convertible bond issuers. Equity‐like convertibles are significantly negatively affected by agency costs of equity. However, agency costs of debt have no significant effect on debt‐like convertibles. Consistent with Stein (1992), this suggests convertibles in particular represent a substitute for equity. Moreover, convertible debt offers announced by income trusts experience significantly less negative wealth effects than offers by nontrusts—a finding explained by a more debt‐like convertible design, very low agency costs of equity in case of income trusts, or both. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reviews

TRENDS IN THE SERVICE SECTOR.

Howells, J. and Green, A. 1988: Technological Innovation, Structural Change and Location in U.K. Services. Avebury/Gower Publishing, £25.00.

Howells, J., 1988: Economic Technological and Locational Trends in European Services. Avebury/Gower Publishing, £22.50.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE COMMUNITY'S RESOURCEFULNESS.

Dauncey, G. 1988: After The Crash: The Emergence of the Rainbow Economy. Basingstoke: Greenprint, £6.99 paper.

Ball, C. 1988: If You Think the System is Working. Ask Someone Who Isn't! Bradford: Bradford Metropolitan Council for Voluntary Service, £235 paper.

Marsh, N. 1988: Jobs In Our Cities: Voluntary Employment and Training Projects Under the Urban Programme. London: National Council for Voluntary Organisations. £2.50 paper.

USING TECHNOLOGY POLICY FOR LOCAL ECONOMIC REGENERATION.

Dyson, K. (ed), 1988: Local Authorities and New Technologies: The European Dimension. Beckenham: Croom Helm, £25.00 cloth.

FOSTERING LOCAL BUSINESS IN EUROPE.

Sutton, A. S. (ed). 1967: Local Initiatives: Alternative Paths for Development. Maastrict: Presses Universitaires Europeennes (no price stated). Available from European Centre, PO Box 3073, 6202 NB Maastrict. The Netherlands.     

The Basic Analytics of Access to Financial Services

Access to financial services, or rather the lack thereof, is often indiscriminately decried as problem in many developing countries. This paper argues that the “problem of access” should rather be analyzed by identifying different demand and supply constraints. We use the concept of an access possibilities frontier, drawn for a given set of state variables, to distinguish between cases where a financial system settles below the constrained optimum, cases where this constrained optimum is too low, and—in credit services—cases where the observed outcome is excessively high. We distinguish between payment and savings services and fixed intermediation costs, on the one hand, and lending services and different sources of credit risk, on the other hand. We include both supply and demand side frictions that can lead to lower access. The analysis helps identify bankable and banked population, the binding constraint to close the gap between the two, and policies to prudently expand the bankable population. This new conceptual framework can inform the debate on adequate policies to expand access to financial services and can serve as basis for an informed measurement of access.     

Distinguishing Between the Effects of Primary and Post-primary Education on Economic Growth

The paper follows Benhabib and Spiegel (Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 34, 1994:143–73) in examining the effect of human capital accumulation on economic growth. The paper is innovative in two ways. First, it takes the R&D‐based models more seriously. This delivers more structural specifications in which human capital affects growth as an input of final output and as a catalyst of technological innovation and imitation. Second, owing to data availability it is possible to disaggregate human capital and assign different roles to primary and post‐primary education. Regression estimates obtained from these alternative specifications suggest that the relative contribution of human capital to technology adoption and final output production vary by country wealth. More importantly, regression estimates suggest that primary education contributes mainly to production of final output, whereas post‐primary education contributes mainly to innovation and imitation of technology.     

中庸思想与规模经济的适度性研究

本文通过东西方思想中中庸的有关哲理,结合我国企业目前的具体发展实际分析了我国规模经济的发展状况,笔者认为目前我国企业存在的主要问题是还没有取得规模经济的效益,因此当前的主要任务是大力发展企业的规模化程度,但同时要注意的一个问题是在实现规模经济的过程中,同样也要防止由于企业规模过大而导致的规模不经济。     

International Capital Mobility and the Costs of Us Import Restraints*

Abstract This paper evaluates general equilibrium welfare effects of tariffs, quotas, and voluntary export restraints under different assumptions about international capital mobility. We show analytically that, when induced terms-of-trade and rental-rate effects are considered, the qualitative influence of capital mobility on the costs of protection cannot be ascertained unambiguously. Simulation estimates for the US indicate the practical importance of capital mobility, as well as of terms-of-trade and rental-rate adjustments, in determining the ultimate welfare effects of import restraints.     

本币名义汇率低于真实汇率是保持国际竞争力的有效手段

本文表达了如下想法:①名义汇率围绕真实汇率上下波动的调整,会促使一国国际收支恶化或者改善;②美元对人民币贬值并不一定能够满足马歇尔———勒纳条件和解决中美国际收支失衡问题,因为失衡问题主要是美国的国内因素以及限制对华技术出口与中国商品进口所引起的;③我国作为一个发展中国家,应该适度控制名义汇率,使其低于真实汇率,才能支持劳动力优势,保持国际收支顺差;④国际收支长期盈余,是我国经济增长和经济安全的保证。