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941.
Christopher Ruebeck Sarah Stafford Nicola Tynan William Alpert Gwendolyn Ball Bridget Butkevich 《Southern economic journal》2003,69(4):1000-1008
This paper presents a classroom game that can be used to demonstrate network externalities, standardization, and switching costs. In the basic game, students independently choose a technology whose value depends on the total number of students choosing that technology. In the next round, sequential decision making is allowed that quickly leads to standardization. Introducing imperfect information and switching costs into subsequent rounds can lead to the real-world phenomenon of an inferior technology becoming the standard. This exercise can be used in principles of economics classes to teach these important concepts without requiring mathematical models. In more advanced classes, construction of the mathematical model behind the game may be assigned. 相似文献
942.
David Begg Assar Lindbeck Chris Martin Dennis Snower 《Journal of the Japanese and International Economies》1989,3(4)
Within the insider-outsider paradigm, this paper examines persistence of shocks in the labor market. We distinguish “symmetric persistence” where the extent of persistence is independent of the initial direction of the shock, and “asymmetric persistence” where beneficial and adverse shocks of equal magnitude have effects of different size. The paper offers a theoretical rationale for how the symmetry or asymmetry may depend on the extent to which the shock was anticipated in wage setting and then develops a framework in which the possibility of asymmetric persistence can be tested empirically. Using annual UK data, we obtain empirical evidence of significant asymmetry in the response of employment (and wages) to shocks. Small beneficial shocks are reflected entirely in wage increases, although sufficiently large favorable shocks also elicit increases in employment. In contrast, adverse shocks lead to reductions in both wages and employment. Evidence from Japan and West Germany provides some evidence of the presence of asymmetry, although this is less marked than in the United Kingdom. The policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
943.
The paper studies the way in which labor supply responses enable households to smooth consumption in the face of crop loss. The 1993 Indonesian Family Life Survey is unusual because it contains self-reported information on crop loss and on household responses to crop loss. Of those households that report a crop loss, 41.6% also report that they responded by taking an extra job. Using these self-reported measures, the authors find evidence which suggests that the income associated with this shock-induced labor supply is important in allowing the household to avoid reducing consumption expenditure. Household members, however, do not seem to increase their total hours of work. They appear to just reallocate their time from household farming to other labor market activities. 相似文献
944.
We estimate expected short interest for Nasdaq stocks. Extending prior work, our research is among the first to investigate
the impact of ownership structure on short-selling activity. We find that short interest is negatively related to institutional
ownership and positively related to inside ownership; stocks with greater liquidity and smaller relative spreads are more
heavily shorted. We also develop a measure of the unanticipated level of short selling; relative to the reported amount of
short interest, this unexpected level of short selling seems at first to better represent the opinions of informed investors
engaging in costly short-selling activities. However, the power of the unanticipated level of short-selling factor is displaced
when we make allowances for traditional market, firm-size, and momentum variables. 相似文献
945.
Dennis K.Zhao 《中国纺织(英文版)》2008,(12):20-26
The year of 1994 was a milestone on a historical road of the textile trade development worldwide. The Final Act concluding the Uruguay Round and officially establishing the WTO regime was signed during ministerial meeting at Marrakesh, Morroco on the 15th of April, 1994, and hence is known as the Marrakesh Agreement. That marked a beginning of quota phase out. China has been on a resolute stance to trade restrictions and protectionism all through quota phase out and post-quota period and will continue to do so when safeguard deal terminates… 相似文献
946.
We investigate determinants of foreign ownership in newly privatized firms. We analyze data on privatized Czech firms to address two related general questions. First, what characteristics distinguish transition firms that attract a foreign investor? Second, how do firm‐specific characteristics influence the size of the foreign equity stake? Our results suggest that foreign investors i) seek safe, profitable firms in which they can exert unchallenged influence on corporate governance and then ii) structure their equity stakes to mitigate agency costs and political risk. 相似文献
947.
This paper offers insights into developments in the practice of performance measurement and management through examination of three case studies. Analysis of the cases suggests a clear distinction between performance measurement and management. It clarifies the usefulness of implementing broad-based performance measurement frameworks, and the criticality of organisational culture to effective performance management. 相似文献
948.
We use simulation methods to examine the results of hedging maize food security imports into Malawi and Zambia on the South African Exchange (SAFEX). Results show that hedging using either futures or options can spread import costs over time, thereby reducing variability, and also possibly generating lower average costs. These benefits are increased if hedging only takes place when local prices are at less than import parity and also if the hedge is levered. However, problems will remain so long as intra-regional transport costs remain high. 相似文献
949.
950.
Christopher L. Gilbert Herbert A. Rijken 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2006,33(7-8):1267-1297
Abstract: We consider the impact of the May 1999 move to screen trading of the LIFFE FTSE 100 index futures contract. This resulted in a narrowing of the effective spread. Spread determinants are broadly similar in the two regimes. The narrowing of the spread appears due to increased competition among traders and a decline in tick-level volatility rather than to the way these or other variables affect the spread. Market depth appears largely unaffected. Under screen trading, realized spreads widen as more limit orders are taken up rather than in relation to order size per se . 相似文献