对质量管理体系认证过程的评价

第十三届亚太质量组织国际会议暨第六届中国上海国际质量研讨会于2007年10月18日至20日在中国上海举行。会议组委会收到了来自美国、英国、澳大利亚、印度、菲律宾、伊朗、新加坡等20个国家的专家、学者、企业家和质量经理人的论文，本刊从中选出五篇外文论文摘要刊载，以飨读者。     

完善部门预算改革的探讨

部门预算是部门依据国家有关政策规定及其行使职能的需要，由基层预算单位编制，逐级上报、审核、汇总，经财政部门审核后提交立法机关依法批准的涵盖部门各项收支的综合财政计划。实施部门预算是市场经济的客观要求，是社会主义市场经济发展的必然趋势。     

应收账款保理的经济学

一、引言 保理公司是专门负责应收账款管理的金融机构。如果保理商选择购买一个企业的应收账款，它将按应收账款发票面值的一定折扣预先支付给企业一定的资金。@近来有些文献试图检验企业保理决策背后的动机：Mian＆Mian提供了一个综合的实证检验，     

The demographic impact of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: short- and long-term projections

"This paper describes the methodology used to incorporate AIDS mortality in recently revised World Bank population projections....The paper first reviews different approaches for projecting AIDS and its demographic consequences. This is followed by a summary of an epidemiological model that simulates the spread of HIV used in this analysis, and a demographic model that translates mortality from AIDS into population outcomes. These models are then used in a set of simulations, from which the effect of current HIV prevalence on projected future mortality is extracted. Finally, the extracted equations linking current HIV prevalence with future mortality indicators are applied to sub-Saharan countries with a measurable level of current HIV prevalence."     

东道国政府政策对美国跨国投资决策的影响

1、引言 外国直接投资(FDI)在世界经济中正在起着不断增加的作用。所有贸易的一半和世界国内生产总值的五分之一是属于跨国公司的(鲁格曼,1988)。美国基地的跨国公司的附属公司的销售额是美国出口额的一倍多。从美国基地的企业向国外附属公司的出口约占美国出口总额的三分之一。再者,尽管美国出口中由跨国公司作的占着很大的份额,由美国公司拥有大多数股权和国外附属公司在外国的货品的销售额是由跨国公司进行的美国出口     

自然和社会—苏联地理学界持续不断的争论

从十九世纪起人类社会与自然环境的相互关系就一直是苏联地理学界的主要论题。在苏维埃时代,这个问题就已经成为意识形态领域激烈争论的中心问题。近年来,地理学的空间侧面比以往受到了更多的重视,然而环境问题依然是苏联地理学界讨论最多的问题之一,也是许多著述和文章的主题。近十年来,苏联地理学具有显著发展,体现在一些重要的地理学家对环境问题的态度有所改变,已经试图在社会与自然环境的关系方面创立一种新的方法。     

Further development and sustainable utilization mode of grassland tourism resources: a case study of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Tourism resources are important foundation for the development of tourism industry. Grassland is not only a kind of important resource but also a great attraction to visitors. Therefore, the integrated development and sustainable utilization of grassland tourism resources are of great significance. This paper, based on the analysis of literatures and the current problems existing in grassland tourism, summarizes the speciality of grassland tourism development, deals with the problem of speciality, and raises the modes of regional development, product development and management. This paper takes Inner Mongolia, the famous grassland tourism destination as example and carries out empirical research. Based on the status quo of grassland tourism resources in Inner Mongolia, this study analyzes the character- istics of grassland tourism resources, the necessity and feasibility of integrated development, then proposes the following suggestions: idea for development, mode of development, regional cooperation, tourism products development, espe- cially the three modes of development based on the resources conditions - the mode of relying on market, the mode of combination aggregation and the mode of relying on quality.