During play,the break,and the drive home: the meaning of parental verbal behaviour in youth sport

Problems surrounding parental involvement in youth sport have received much attention in the international academic community. Most of the focus has surrounded the frequency and nature of parental verbal behaviour such as criticism, swearing and abuse. While such behaviour has the potential to exert a negative influence in youth sport, little is known about the socially constructed meaning of parental verbal behaviour. In other words, there is a current lack of understanding surrounding the social significance (or lack thereof) of parental comments, criticisms and abuse in the context of youth sport. Addressing this oversight is important given that parents and youth do not always share a common appreciation of parental involvement in sport. This paper reports on a study which sought to generate a greater understanding of parental involvement in the junior Australian football experience. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with parents and youth participants (n = 86) currently involved in a competitive Australian football season. Data were manually transcribed verbatim and subjected to a thematic analysis. The findings reveal how parents and youth attribute different social meaning to parental verbal behaviour during play, the breaks and the drive home. While youth appear to experience parental verbal behaviour in polarising ways, parents rationalise their own verbal behaviour and in doing so, contribute to a broader social reproduction of sport parenting behaviour.     

The Impact of Growth Control Regulations on Housing Prices in California*

This paper examines the impact of growth controls on the price of new single-family homes. Four types of growth controls are discussed and each is found to have a significantly different impact on housing prices. Regulations that are imposed by one locality only are first compared to those that are imposed by a locality whose neighbors also control growth. In California, increases in house prices in communities with only local growth controls cannot be distinguished from communities that do not control growth. However, the 1969 to 1976 housing price increase in growth control jurisdictions located in extensively regulated housing markets is significantly higher than in local-only or no-control jurisdictions. In addition, controls that restrict the rate of development are compared to those that specify the quality of development. In the extensively regulated San Francisco Bay area, the 1969 to 1976 housing price increase was 35% higher in rate-controlled communities and 20% higher in quality-controlled communities than in no-control communities.     

Addictive consumption: Function and fragmentation in postmodernity

This article reports on a study of addictive consumption in the UK. Individual depth interviews with 15 women were followed by a mail survey of a further 46 self-identified addictive shoppers. The study suggests that the behaviour serves a variety of functions for the individual and that there is no simple uniform picture of an addictive shopper. Prime functions of the behaviour are to repair mood, and to increase the ability to match perceptions of socially desirable or required appearances. The behaviour is located in the context of postmodern fragmentation, in which personal identity is manifested in a reliance on affect-charged experiences. Links are made with other aspects of consumption pathology.

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Zusammenfassung Suchtartiges Kaufverhalten: Funktion und postmoderne Zersplitterung Dieser Beitrag berichtet über eine Untersuchung suchtartigen Kaufverhaltens in Gro\britannien. Die Daten stammen aus Tiefeninterviews mit 15 Frauen und einer schriftlichen Erhebung bei weiteren 46 Personen, die sich selbst als kaufsüchtig bezeichnen. Die Befunde legen nahe, da\ kaufsüchtiges Verhalten einer Vielzahl von individuellen Funktionen dient und da\ es kein einheitliches Bilddes kaufsüchtigen Verbrauchers gibt. Hauptfunktionen des Verhaltens sind offenbar der Ausgleich stimmungsmä\iger Störungen und Hilfe, wenn es darum geht, wahrgenommenen sozialen Wünschen oder Anforderungen an das äu\ere Verhalten zu entsprechen. Kaufsüchtiges Verhalten wird in den Kontext postmoderne Zersplitterung gestellt, in welchem persönliche Identität sich in einem Vertrauen auf gefühlsbeladene Erfahrungen darstellt. Schlie\lich stellt der Beitrag Bezüge zu anderen Aspekten krankhaften Konsumverhaltens her, vor allem zum Ladendiebstahl.

     

Firm heterogeneity and worker turnover

Previous empirical analyses of job mobility focus on worker rather than firm characteristics. This paper exploits a unique data set on enterprise employment. We describe sectoral differences in turnover rates and in the persistence of turnover. We also present evidence of persistent turnover differences at the level of the individual firms—a result that is expected if firms have managers with differing ability to screen workers. When we consider the consequences to the firm of such turnover, we discover that high turnover firms are less likely to survive.     

SCHATTSCHNEIDER REVISITED: SENATE VOTING ON THE SMOOT-HAWLEY TARIFF ACT OF 1930

While scholars have devoted considerable attention to U.S. trade policy in the 1930s, particularly the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, little quantitative research focuses on the factors impinging upon elite decision makers who shaped Smoot-Hawley. We look at 11 votes on the Senate floor related to Smoot-Hawley to examine the impact of a variety of measures of constituency economic interests and member characteristics on elite decision making. Contrary to our expectations, the evidence does not support a pressure group model of policy making. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of political parties in making the Tariff Act of 1930.     

与股东相处的策略

有很多途径可以使你有效的与股东相处,但有一点最为关键,那就是不管你采用哪种策略,股东都应该是你方案的推动力量     

The distribution of real estate value changes: Metropolitan Boston, 1870–1970

This paper presents estimates of land value change and other measures of real estate value change for the Boston area's 78 towns and cities over the past 100 years. A flattening of the real estate value gradient over time is demonstrated. Given the pattern of land ownership in the Boston area, a higher rate of value increases at greater distances from the center is shown to imply a regressive distribution of capital gains with respect to wealth among the homeowner population. Returns to homeowning are compared with returns to alternative business assets indicating some possible factors in the persistence of wealth inequality.     

FDI and the Capital Intensity of "Dirty" Sectors: A Missing Piece of the Pollution Haven Puzzle

In an increasingly integrated world, falling trade barriers mean that the role environmental regulations play in shaping a country's comparative advantage is greater than ever. This has lead to fears that “dirty” industries will relocate to developing regions where environmental regulations may be less stringent. A number of reasons have been offered to explain why, despite anecdotal evidence and the predictions of theoretical studies, little empirical verification for the existence of pollution havens has been found. Little attention, however, has been paid to the capital intensity of pollution intensive sectors. We investigate the relationship between US outward FDI and factor endowments across sectors to two developing countries. We highlight the role of capital and believe it partially explains why pollution havens are not more widespread. Our approach also highlights those countries that are likeliest to become pollution havens. A multivariate analysis reveals some evidence of pollution haven consistent behavior.