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Technological activities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have received considerable attention from researchers
and policy makers since the mid-1980s. Small firms could nurture entrepreneurship and facilitate the creation and application
of new ideas. In spite of their potential in generating innovations, it is also observed that SMEs shy away from formal R&D
activities, and the firm size itself seems to be a barrier for R&D activities. SMEs operating in developing countries face
extra hurdles to investing in R&D. Given the massive share of SMEs, it becomes crucial to realize their developmental potential
in developing countries. In this paper, we study the drivers of R&D activities in SMEs in Turkish manufacturing industries
by using panel data at the establishment level for the 1993–2001 period. Our findings suggest that SMEs are less likely to
conduct R&D, but if they overcome the first obstacle of conducting R&D, they spend proportionally more on R&D than the LSEs
do. R&D intensity is higher in small than in large firms. Moreover, public R&D encourages firms to intensify their R&D efforts.
The impact of R&D support is stronger for small firms. 相似文献
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Privatization, Ownership and Technical Efficiency a Study of the Turkish Cement Industry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents an empirical study of the effects of ownership and privatization on technical efficiency in the Turkish cement industry. We first summarize the characteristics of the Turkish cement industry and changes in industrial structure in the post-privatization period. The effects of ownership and privatization on technical efficiency are estimated using the stochastic production frontier approach. The empirical tests presented, which use data on all cement plants in Turkey, suggest that neither ownership nor privatization had a significant impact on technical efficiency. 相似文献
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Trade,technology and skills: Evidence from Turkish microdata 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper we report evidence on the relationship between trade openness, technology adoption and the relative demand for skilled labour in the Turkish manufacturing sector, using firm-level data over the period 1980–2001. In a dynamic panel data setting, using a unique database comprising data from 17,462 firms, we estimate an augmented cost share equation whereby the wage bill share of skilled workers in a given firm is related to international exposure and technology adoption.It emerges that R&D expenditures are positive and significantly related to skill upgrading. This result supports the skill-biased technological change argument in the case of a middle-income country such as Turkey.Moreover, the firm-level analysis reveals a positive impact of technological transfer from abroad, foreign ownership and exporting status on the demand for skills, highlighting the role of increasing international openness in fostering skill upgrading within firms.Our microdata also allow us to investigate the direct impact of import flows in shaping the relative demand for skills. The results show that those firms belonging to the sectors experiencing rapid increase in the share of inputs imported from industrialised countries also experience a higher increase in the labour cost share of skilled workers. This finding provides further support for the hypothesis that imports from industrialised countries imply a transfer of new technologies, in turn leading to a higher demand for skilled labour (the so-called skill-enhancing trade hypothesis). 相似文献
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The impact of foreign direct investment on host countries’ industrial sectors has received considerable attention. It is shown
by many researchers that foreign plants are more productive than are domestic ones, but the empirical evidence regarding spillovers
is not unambiguous. In this paper, we suggest that the impact of foreign direct investment on local industry hinges on the
dynamics of foreign and domestic plants—i.e., on entry and selection (exit) processes. Our analysis of foreign investment
and competition dynamics in Turkish manufacturing industry for the period 1983–2001 indicates that foreign plants have a better
performance level than do domestic ones when they are first established in the local market, and, subsequently, are more likely
to survive but; the difference in survival probabilities disappears when the industry and/or plant characteristics are controlled
for. Moreover, foreign presence seems to have no long-term effect on the survival prospects of domestic plants.
相似文献
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Technical progress and production efficiency are central to economic growth and international competitiveness. However, these topics received little attention in Less Developed Countries. This study is the first attempt to measure and to understand the extent and importance of technical progress and efficiency in Turkish manufacturing industries. Stochastic production frontiers for Turkish textile, cement, and motor vehicles industries are estimated by using panel data of plants for the years 1987 to 1992. The rate and direction of technical change for each industry are estimated by introducing time-dependent variables in the production function. Sector-specific factors which influence technical efficiency of manufacturing plants are also identified. 相似文献
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Asymmetric information can lead to inefficient outcomes in many bargaining contexts. It is sometimes natural to think of asymmetric information as emerging from imperfect observation of previously taken actions (e.g., obtaining compliments or substitutes for the item being bargained over). How do such strategic investment choices prior to bargaining interact with the strategic problem of bargaining under private information? We focus on bilateral bargaining when players can make unobserved investments in the value of the item prior to their interaction. With two-sided hidden investment, strategic uncertainty induces a post-investment problem analogous to that in Myerson and Satterthwaite (J Econ Theory 29(2):265–281, 1983), and inefficiencies might be expected to arise. But, there are strong incentives to avoid investment levels that do not lead to trade and this must be anticipated by the other trader. This effect is shown to drive a form of unraveling; as a result in every equilibrium to the larger game the good ends up in the hands of the agent with the higher valuation. 相似文献
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The present paper offers a novel study of the effects of intangible assets on wages and productivity. Training, R&D and physical capital are all taken into account, and their joint effects are examined. We use panels of firms in order to control for unobserved fixed effects and the potential endogeneity of training and R&D, using data for France and Sweden. The estimation of productivity and wage equations allows us to show how the benefits of investment in physical capital, training and R&D are shared between the firm and the workers. We found that firms indeed obtain the largest part of the returns to their investments, but their share is relatively lower for intangible assets (R&D and training) than for physical capital. 相似文献
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This paper is concerned with the situation where goods are produced by workers in underdeveloped countries, in this case, consumer durables, under the direction of managements which have access to modern management techniques. In particular, it considers the significance of new management methods, especially Total Quality Management, for workers employed in white‐goods manufacture in Turkey. 相似文献