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排序方式: 共有198条查询结果,搜索用时 296 毫秒
31.
Erwin Eszler 《保险科学杂志》2010,99(1):65-82
Research on insurance premium loadings so far mainly focussed on pricing problems or on the optimal risk reserve process. In contrast, this article investigates, which redistribution effects between the insured and the insurer could arise from the payment and use of loadings, and whether there are situations which do not involve redistribution. On the basis of different models of increasing complexity various cases are analysed. It is shown that in addition to the cases with redistribution by loadings there are special constellations without such redistribution. 相似文献
32.
Regulatory capital requirements for European banks have been put forward in the Basel II Capital Framework and subsequently in the capital requirements directive (CRD) of the EU. We provide a detailed discussion of the capital requirements for private equity investments under different approaches. For the internal model approach we present a structural model that we calibrate to a proprietary dataset. We modify the standard Merton structural model to make it applicable in practice and to capture stylized facts of private equity investments. We also implement the early default feature with a fast simulation algorithm. Our results support capital requirements lower than in Basel II, but not as low as in CRD, thereby giving adverse incentives to banks for using advanced risk models. A sensitivity analysis shows that this finding is robust to parameter uncertainty and stress scenarios. 相似文献
33.
This paper proposes a theory of competitive agglomeration—a new enquiry into the origins of hierarchical structures and governments.
As a motivating example we analyze the Viking age—the roughly 300 year period beginning in 800 AD—from the perspective of
the economics of conflict. The Viking age is interesting because throughout the time period, the scale of conflict increased—small
scale raiding behaviour eventually evolved into large scale clashes between armies. With this observation in mind, we present
a theoretical model describing the incentives both the defending population and the invading population had to agglomerate
into larger groups to better defend against attacks, and engage in attacks, respectively. We tentatively postulate that competitive
agglomeration during the Viking era was a key impetus to state formation in Europe. 相似文献
34.
Anna Katharina Provasnek Erwin Schmid Gerald Steiner 《Journal of Business Ethics》2018,150(2):467-484
Stakeholder maneuvers such as Internet media attacks or consumer boycotts can have devastating effects on companies. By contrary, vital relationships between companies and their stakeholders can be highly beneficial. A review of the existing stakeholder-management literature suggests to engage stakeholders in business activities in a positive manner. However, the types of successful engagement activities differ across industries. The purposes of this article are to develop an explanatory framework based on the literature findings, to introduce stakeholder-engagement literature to a segment of the water sourcing industry, and to unfold industry’s stakeholder-engagement measures. Based on a content analysis of 11 cases, we investigate if and how companies in the natural mineral water bottling industry in Austria inform, communicate, and therefore engage with stakeholders. It became evident that fewer than three of eleven companies published information on sustainability or corporate social responsibility reports, open house days, workshops, or international community activities. Most companies maintained a website for their bottled natural mineral water or communicated quality consciousness. We conclude that most companies in the Austrian mineral water industry could increase their stakeholder-engagement activities to positively respond to challenging business environments. 相似文献
35.
Erwin Diewert 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2009,32(1):1-19
The paper considers how to measure capital in a model where technical progress is embodied in new units of capital. This embodiment
model also assumes that once new units of capital are installed, it cannot be “unbolted” and sold on the second hand market.
A significant difference between this Solow–Harper model and the traditional capital services model due to Jorgenson and his
coworkers is that rising real wage rates will generally induce early retirement of assets; i.e., this model can provide an
explanation for obsolescence. The paper studies how to aggregate over vintages and how to measure depreciation in the context
of this embodiment model. These problems are more complicated than the corresponding problems in the traditional capital services
model because the age of retirement of an asset is endogenous in the embodiment model. The paper uses duality theory to simplify
the exposition.
相似文献
Erwin DiewertEmail: |
36.
In this paper we examine the usefulness of multivariate semi-parametric GARCH models for evaluating the Value-at-Risk (VaR) of a portfolio with arbitrary weights. We specify and estimate several alternative multivariate GARCH models for daily returns on the S&P 500 and Nasdaq indexes. Examining the within-sample VaRs of a set of given portfolios shows that the semi-parametric model performs uniformly well, while parametric models in several cases have unacceptable failure rates. Interestingly, distributional assumptions appear to have a much larger impact on the performance of the VaR estimates than the particular parametric specification chosen for the GARCH equations. 相似文献
37.
This paper examines currency substitution in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, and Romania during the end of central planning and transition to market economies. Before liberalization, central European economies faced increasing shortage and repressed inflation in the official sector. Households held substantial wealth in real assets and foreign currency. Furthermore, part of their savings was held as hunting money against potential opportunities to buy in bulk at bargain prices in official stores or pay a premium price on the black market. The shift from centrally-planned to market economies is modeled with a shortage variable. Foreign currency demand and consumption functions are estimated by the Johansen procedure. Environmental constraints play a key role in interpreting estimates. The official sector shortage is an important determinant of foreign currency demand in each country. 相似文献
38.
Standard theory for cross-country productivity comparisons assumes all countries use the same factor inputs in production. This assumption is violated when including natural resources, such as oil, gas and gold, because countries do not extract the full set of resources. In this paper we propose a solution by viewing it as a “missing goods” problem and assigning missing inputs a reservation price equal to the world resource price. We show that this has a substantial impact on relative productivity levels for countries heavily reliant on natural resources for generating their income. Under our new productivity measure, resource-rich countries are no longer uncommonly productive. 相似文献
39.
40.
Michael Staak Hans Peter Ipsen Wulf-Henning Roth Karl Sieg Dieter Farny Manfred Werber Hansjürgen Herrmann Jürgen Sieger Hanns Köhler Herbert Waldemer Karl-Otto Körber Bruno Schönfelder Géza v. Puskäs Edgar Müller-Gotthard Othard Raestrup Fritz Hauss Erwin Deutsch Dieter Farny Klaus Sperling 《保险科学杂志》1985,74(1):111-168