优化地方税制结构的设想

本文在分析当前我国地方税制结构及地方税收规模的基础上,论述了优化地方税制结构的必要性与迫切性,并根据我国国情,借鉴国际经验,具体阐述了优化我国地方税制的几点构想。     

净化执业环境规范执业行为强化行业监管

根据中央纪委第五次全会提出的“规范行业组织和社会中介机构,强化对各类社会组织的管理和监督”的要求,我局组织了关于会计和资产评估中介行业的专题调研。以下结合对存在问题的分析,对规范执业行为和加强监管提出了一些对策和建议。     

民营金融的供给与均衡

在我国，民营企业融资难的真正源在于它们具有太高的比较风险系数，这种风险系数源于政府对国有企业的援助承诺；由于银行的所有制结构与资产结构在市场经济中并不相对应，因此，增加民营金融供给不能解决民营企业融资问题。分支行制的组织结构和大银行的权分割方式使得其分支行相当于中小银行能够在民营企业融资中发挥作用，新技术在金融领域的运用更是缩小了大银行和银行对民营企业融资的成本差别，使大银行对小企业的融资和提供金融服务式成为可能。我国小金融机构处于供给过剩状态，因此我国金融发展的关键不在于新增民营金融机构；而在于：一是要减弱政府对国有大企业的偏好，为民营企业融资创造公平的风险环境；二是要规范现有中小金融机构行为，以稀放其对民营企业持续发展的支持效率。     

中国金融衍生产品市场的创新与实验

文章介绍了国际上主要的金融市场创新产品的概念和种类，并从资产证券化产品的结构与流动性，及不同产品的业务需求等方面概括了这些创新产品在国内的发展特征。从金融基础和生态环境的成熟度看，建议以上海作为产品创新的试点和突破口，进一步拓展资产证券化市场，适时引入房地产信托基金，从而更好地以金融产品创新促进长三角地区金融市场协调发展，推动上海国际金融中心建设。     

Multilateral Agricultural Trade Liberalisation: The Contrasting Fortunes of Developing Countries in the Doha Round

An applied general equilibrium model is used to assess the impact of multilateral trade liberalisation in agriculture, with particular emphasis on developing countries. We use original data, and the model includes some specific features such as a dual labour market. Applied tariffs, including those under preferential regimes and regional agreements, are taken into account at the detailed product level, together with the corresponding bound tariffs on which countries negotiate. The various types of farm support are detailed, and several groups of developing countries are distinguished. Simulations give a contrasted picture of the benefits developing countries would draw from the Doha development round. The results suggest that previous studies have neglected preferential agreements and the binding overhang (in tariffs as well as domestic support), and have treated developing countries with a high level of aggregation and been excessively optimistic about the actual benefits of multilateral trade liberalisation. Regions like sub‐Saharan Africa are more likely to suffer from the erosion of existing preferences. The main gainers of the Doha Round are likely to be developed countries and Cairns Group members.     

城市经济发展中的物流问题初探：北京市建立现代物流服务体系的对策与建议

以公路运输为中心，论述了发展城市物流业的重要意义；提出了在北京市建立高效、优质、安全、廉价物流服务体系的对策与建议。     

Sanitary and Technical Regulations: Issues for Trade Liberalization in the Dairy Sector1

Sanitary and technical regulations can impede trade liberalization in dairy products. The World Trade Organization tackle regulatory trade barriers mainly through the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) agreements. The SPS and TBT agreements are presented, focusing on those provisions that are relevant for the dairy sector. Arbitration of recent SPS disputes clarified the right of a country to set a particular level of protection, as well as the role of international standards. Building on the recent jurisprudence of the disputes settled under the World Trade Organization, the practical scope of the SPS and TBT agreements is explained. Empirical consequences for trade in the dairy sector are presented on the basis of three examples, the Bst issue, the controversy on mandatory pasteurization of cheese and the definition and labeling of yogurts. Les règlementations nationales sur le plan sanitaire ou technique peuvent créer des obstacles aux échanges. L'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC) traite ces problémes principalement à trovers l'Accord Sanitaire et phytosanitaire (SPS) et celui sur les Obstacles techniques aux échanges (OTE). Ces accords et leurs effets possibles sur le secteur laitier sont présentés. L'arbitrage des différends récents par l'OMC dans le domaine sanitaire et phytosanitaire a claifié le droit d'un pays àétablir son propre niveau de protection des consommateurs et a précisé la portée des normes internationales. En s'appuyant sur la jurisprudence récente, la portée pratique des accords SPS et OTE est expliquée. Les conséquences pratiques pour le commerce international des produits laitiers sont présentées sur la base de trois exemple, la Bst, la controverse sur la pasteurisation des fromages, et la définition et l'étiquetage des yaourts.     

可供出售债权投资人行为对当期财务的影响及建议

该文分析了新会计准则在债券投资计量上的变化,指出新会计准则要求交易性债权投资和可供出售债权投资按公允价值计量。该文介绍了可供出售债权投资核算的基本原则,并分析了浅谈债权投资人行为对当期财务的影响,最后对如何更好地管理可供出售债权投资提出相关建议。     

Morgan Stanley Panel Discussion on Seeking Growth in Emerging Markets: Spotlight on China

The treasurer of McDonald's discusses investment opportunities in China with Morgan Stanley's chief economist and its head of investment banking in China. The consensus is that the economic outlook for the country is strong, subject to some concerns about the currency, and that ongoing reforms are expected to bring about greater stability and productivity. Progress in raising Chinese banks to international capital adequacy standards, and imposing transparency and accounting requirements, has been particularly impressive.
McDonald's first went to mainland China in the early 1990s. Thanks to its success in attracting suppliers and local financing and partners, it now has 600 restaurants and an ambitious expansion plan. For other U.S. and overseas companies, China's position as a global manufacturing center, its R&D capabilities, and its potential consumer market will lead to acquisitions of local companies, joint ventures, and other forms of direct investment. China's accession into the World Trade Organization has also opened a number of sectors that were previously restricted to foreign investors, including financial services.     

对CPSIA 2008中第一章“儿童产品安全”的分析及对策

虽然美国的《2008消费品安全改进法案》（简称CPSIA2008）已经正式生效并实施,但CPSIA2008中涉及的部分实施细则及测试方法尚未全部出台,从而导致周内相关检测机构和企业无所适从。文章通过分析CPSIA2008第一章“儿童产品安全”中涉及到的部分实施细则及测试方法,提出了应对之策,希望出入境检验检疫部门能够在非常时期充分发挥自己的技术优势,对国内相关检测机构和企业进行有针对性的宣传和指导,从而使企业避免遭受不必要的损失。