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51.
An M2 money-demand function including the market value of government debt is estimated. The resulting equation both tracks the recent movements in money-demand and has implications for the efficacy of fiscal policy as a tool of stabilization policy. 相似文献
52.
Gardner JM Hayghe HV 《Monthly labor review / U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics》1996,119(3):3-16
As the pace of economic activity moderated in 1995, job growth slowed. Nonetheless, it was enough to absorb the small increase in the supply of labor, with the result that the unemployment rate remained at about the same level it had reached at the end of 1994. In the first quarter of 1995, employment grew at a brisk pace but, as the economy began to slow, job gains fell sharply. Employment growth continued at a much more moderate pace for the balance of the year, so that, by the fourth quarter, nearly 1.9 million jobs had been added to the Nation's payrolls. By comparison, in the fourth quarter of 1994 alone, payroll employment had grown by 1.1 million. Most of the job gains in 1995 were in the services industry group. Manufacturing employment, which had been rising since the fall of 1993, began to decline in the spring, and by the end of 1995, that industry group had lost nearly a quarter of a million jobs. Employment increased in most of the other major industry groups, even though declines in some of their component industries partly offset gains in others. 相似文献
53.
The choice of monetary policy instruments in an open economy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Grant W. Gardner 《Journal of International Money and Finance》1983,2(3):347-354
54.
The UK automotive industry is home to a large number of foreign firms, demonstrating the open nature of competition. However, the industry necessitates both exploitative and explorative capabilities. Contingency theory suggests that firms align their internal structure with contextual factors. As such, the aims of this study were to investigate whether it was possible to distinguish home-owned (UK) and foreign-owned firms based upon: a) the microfoundations of ambidextrous production, which are conceptualised as lean and agile routines; and b) the tier at which these firms operate in the automotive supply chain. Survey data were collected from 85 home-owned and 55 foreign-owned firms within the UK Midlands automotive industry. Logistic regression results revealed that home-owned firms were significantly more likely to be implementing explorative (agile) production methods, whereas foreign-owned firms were significantly more likely to be implementing exploitative (lean) production. Home-owned and foreign-owned firms were found to be significantly more likely to be operating upstream and downstream in the automotive supply chain respectively. Thus, the findings support a contingency theory explanation, suggesting that firms align their performance priorities with contextual factors, but we argue that home-owned and foreign-owned firms have evolved to compete based on their different innovative capabilities, which are located at different tiers of the automotive supply chain. On this basis, although neither home-owned nor foreign-owned firms were found to be endogenously ambidextrous, we argue that foreign-owned firms internationalise into the UK automotive sector to exploit the explorative capabilities acquired by home-owned firms operating upstream in automotive supply chains, thus enabling ambidextrous capabilities at an exogenous, industrial level. 相似文献
55.
56.
Include land in a neoclassical growth model and introduce a standard biogeographic relation between species recliners (biodiversity) and land. Assume that species provide utility. The optimal constant amount of land preserved for species is obtained from steady-state conditions. Contrary to conventional wisdom, a high discount rate preserves more land when the elasticity of substitution between goods and species exceeds unity or when this elasticity is less than unity and technology is such that the output effect of a change in the interest rate exceeds the substitution effect. 相似文献
57.
Clare T. Gardner Carolyn P. Stringer Rosalind H. Whiting 《Accounting Education: An International Journal》2013,22(3):313-336
In the context of an accounting curriculum that has been significantly modified over the past decade in response to calls for skills development, this study investigates the impacts of curriculum on students' levels of communication apprehension. An emerging concern in accounting is that attempts made to improve students' communication skills may fail or be less effective for some students because such attempts do not improve, or may even exacerbate, students' anxiety about communicating, which in turn leads to poorer performance. The results from this New Zealand study show that students in their final year of study in which they are exposed to greater communication demands do not, on average, have higher levels of communication apprehension in earlier studies than their peers do. The levels of communication apprehension for final year students decline most markedly for those students starting with higher average levels of apprehension. The results fail to find any strong associations between levels of communication apprehension and students' abilities to advance in their studies or average levels of academic performance. One finding that opens up the possibility for further research, however, is that students' anxiety about communicating in interviews is not reduced. 相似文献
58.
有些企业正通过分析员工实践与生产率之间的联系,来提高利润水平。整个上一代人力资源高管都渴望着成为企业领导的战略顾问。但是,这对很多人来说,都很困难,因为如何衡量人力资源方法的业务价值实在太难。“培训的投资回报率是多少”?“哪种筛选方法能找出绩效最佳的招聘人选”? 相似文献
59.
J. M. Walker Roy Gardner rew Herr & Elinor Ostrom 《Economic journal (London, England)》2000,110(460):212-234
We analyse and empirically examine a multi-level common-pool resource (CPR) game consisting of a collective-choice level game and an operational-level game. In the collective-choice game, participants anonymously propose allocation rules to be used in the operational game and vote anonymously on the proposed rules. Majority and unanimity rules are investigated. Our major finding is that both types of voting rules substantially increase efficiency relative to a baseline with no opportunity for collective choice, but the distributional consequences of the rules differ. To understand the process by which efficiency is improved better, we examine four predictive theories related to proposals, votes, and outcomes. 相似文献
60.
Lisa Gardner Christian Roldán Santos Toby White 《Risk Management & Insurance Review》2013,16(2):267-279
Drake University offered a 5‐day program focusing on the recruitment of women and minorities into actuarial science studies. A few universities offer actuarial science summer camps targeting high school students. Participants in this camp, however, came exclusively from community colleges. In this article, we provide an overview of the camp's activities, structure, and outcomes. We present a longitudinal analysis of student feedback, reflecting results from one survey administered before the camp began and another distributed very near the camp's end. Our results indicate the camp succeeded on many counts. 相似文献