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111.
Luís Aguiar-Conraria Pedro C. Magalhães Christoph A. Vanberg 《Experimental Economics》2016,19(4):886-909
Many democratic decision making institutions involve quorum rules. Such rules are commonly motivated by concerns about the “legitimacy” or “representativeness” of decisions reached when only a subset of eligible voters participates. A prominent example of this can be found in the context of direct democracy mechanisms, such as referenda and initiatives. We conduct a laboratory experiment to investigate the consequences of the two most common types of quorum rules: a participation quorum and an approval quorum. We find that both types of quora lead to lower participation rates, dramatically increasing the likelihood of full-fledged electoral boycotts on the part of those who endorse the Status Quo. This discouraging effect is significantly larger under a participation quorum than under an approval quorum. 相似文献
112.
João Vareda 《Southern economic journal》2016,82(4):1311-1326
We show, using a Hotelling (1929) model with Laffont and Tirole (1986) firms, that under duopoly, the information asymmetry caused by the separation of ownership and control has two effects on owners’ incentives to induce effort. Information asymmetry raises the marginal cost of inducing effort, which decreases efforts and increases prices. Since all firms’ prices increase, this leads to a change in the expected demand of each firm, and thus in the marginal benefit of inducing effort, which may amplify or mitigate the initial impact. As a consequence, information asymmetry may induce some firms to increase efforts and lower prices. More surprisingly, it may increase both ex post and ex ante social welfare. 相似文献
113.
João J. M. Ferreira Cristina I. Fernandes Mário L. Raposo Roy Thurik João R. Faria 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2016,12(4):985-1006
In this paper we analyse whether entrepreneur location decisions differ across industries and identify the factors determining the choice of location between rural and urban environments. Firm location is based on a new taxonomy developed over the influential three dimensions of Hayter’s (1997) approach. The paper uses data from sample of one thousand Portuguese firms. We present a stylized theoretical model to determine how these new five dimensions influence firm’s location and test the model through a logistic regression. Our results show that that the location decisions depend on the sector of activity, type of area (urban vs. rural) and the characteristics of the entrepreneur. We find that companies engaged in knowledge intensive business services prefer to locate in urban areas. From an institutional point of view, firms prefer to locate in rural areas. 相似文献
114.
This article tests the Expectations Hypothesis (EH) using Brazilian monthly data for bond yields spanning the 2000–2017 sample period and ranging in maturity from 3 months to 5 years. Three tests are examined: the first is based on interest rates spread and the other two are based on the forward rates. On balance our results suggest rejection of the EH throughout the maturity spectrum examined, and are broadly consistent with previous findings that a linear combination of forward rates provides a statistically significant prediction of bond excess returns. 相似文献
115.
This empirical study of Fortune 1000 firms assesses the degree to which those firms have adopted various practices associated with corporate ethics programs. The study examines the following aspects of formalized corporate ethics activity: ethics-oriented policy statements; formalization of management responsibilities for ethics; free-standing ethics offices; ethics and compliance telephone reporting/advice systems; top management and departmental involvement in ethics activities; usage of ethics training and other ethics awareness activities; investigatory functions; and evaluation of ethics program activities. Results show a high degree of corporate adoption of ethics policies, but wide variability in the extent to which these policies are implemented by various supporting structures and managerial activities. In effect, the vast majority of firms have committed to the low cost, possibly symbolic side of ethics management (e.g., adoption of ethics codes and policies, etc.). But firms differ substantially in their efforts to see that those policies or codes actually are put into practice. 相似文献
116.
Explanatory factors of the inflation news impact on stock returns by sector: The Spanish case 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We study the short run response of daily stock prices on the Spanish market to the announcements of inflation news at an industrial level, deepening the potential explanatory factors of this response (risk-free interest rate, risk premium and growth expectations). We observe a positive and significant response of the stock returns in case of “bad news” (total inflation rate higher than expected one) in recession, and also in case of negative inflation surprises (“good news”) in non-economic recession. This behaviour is consistent with the evolution of the company dividend growth expectations, since we observe that the relationship between this theoretical component of the stock price and the unexpected inflation, to a large extent, seems to explain the observed behaviour. 相似文献
117.
Social networking sites (SNS) have challenged ethical issues about users’ information security and privacy. SNS users are concerned about their privacy and need to control the information they share and its use. This paper examines the security of SNS by taking a look at the influence of users’ perceived control of information over their information-sharing behaviors. Employing an empirical study, this paper demonstrates the importance of perceived control in SNS users’ information-sharing behaviors. Specifically, perceived control has been found to be negatively related to perceived privacy risk and attitude toward information sharing, which in turn has an impact on their information-sharing behaviors. In addition, gender has been shown to be an important factor that moderates the influences of both perceived control and perceived privacy risk on SNS users’ attitudes toward information sharing. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
118.
Christian R. Proaño 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2009,6(4):421-443
In this paper a semi-structural macroeconomic model based on gradually adjusting wages and prices and hybrid, cross-over inflation
expectation formation is analyzed and estimated with aggregate data of the U.S. and the Euro Area. Besides comparing, among
other things, the determinants of the wage- and price inflation dynamics in both economies, the role of different macroeconomic
transmission channels for the stability of the two-country system is investigated. 相似文献
119.
In this paper, we provide an overview of the development of vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT) between Japan and various
European countries, including both old and new EU members, as well as emerging Central and Eastern European countries. VIIT
indices constructed in this paper cover a much wider range of margins of unit price ratio than existing studies. Our empirical
model attempts to explain the distributional characteristics of VIIT through foreign direct investments (FDI), in addition
to traditional determinants of IIT, such as differences in GDP per capita, average GDP, and smaller and larger GDPs. Our sample
covers the period from 1988 to 2004 for bilateral trade between Japan and 31 European countries. Our econometric methodology
for these panel data uses fixed-effect model estimation with a variable transformation determined by a Box-Cox approach. We
find that intra-industry trade between European countries and Japan increases with their corresponding Japanese FDIs, especially
for new EU member countries. Our results also indicate that it is important to measure a wider range of quality based on relative
prices rather than the traditional ratio used in the literature. 相似文献
120.
Prof. Dr. Jörg Freiling Dipl.-Kffr. Maria-José Estevão 《Zeitschrift für Management》2009,4(3):235-256
Customer integration is a pervasive element of customization and at the same time a driver of emergent processes. In this context, the multiple interaction processes between customer and supplier personnel typically cause emergence, a systemic phenomenon. This kind of emergence can have a negative effect on strategic goal attainment (case of strategic proliferation). To prevent strategic proliferation, identifying, evaluating and channelling the emergent processes of customer integration is necessary. This represents a considerable managerial challenge. We consider entrepreneurship theory useful to connect the system and individual level and to address the managerial issues by executing entrepreneurial functions. Therefore, we employ entrepreneurship theory to understand basic causalities in the realm of strategic proliferation in the context of emergence based on customer integration. 相似文献