INEQUALITY, MAJORITY VOTING AND THE REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS OF PUBLIC EDUCATION FUNDING

Abstract. This paper documents that in poor countries redistribution in cash is negligible. To the extent that public education funding is redistributive, the lion's share of redistribution in poor countries is through public education budgets. I present a simple model of how inequality determines redistribution through public education spending when funding decisions are made through majority voting. Contrary to T. Persson and G. Tabellini, and contrary to conventional wisdom, in the present model higher inequality leads to less redistribution if the curvature in the utility function is sufficiently high. I argue that large curvature of the utility function is empirically relevant.     

Der Zinssatz und Kapitalverschiebungen nach Entwicklungsländern

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Assimilating social values in computer-based technologies

This paper describes the key elements of social impact assessments for computer-based technologies. It recommends that analysts examine the infrastructural demands of new computing developments and social outcomes on 12 different criteria. Social impact analysis can be used to evaluate and select among different system alternatives and to monitor a selected system as it evolves. This paper recommends a ten stage political process which requires a project to be tracked from the early stages of design, through its implementation, and during the period it is used. The concepts developed draw upon the literatures of social impact analysis and urban planning.     

Angebots- und Nachfragefunktionen für einige Fleischsorten in Österreich

Ohne ZusammenfassungAusgearbeitete Fassung von Teilen eines Vortrages, gehalten am 7. Juni 1957 in der Nationalökonomischen Gesellschaft in Wien.Die Mittel für die im Rahmen einer Gastprofessur an der Universität Wien während des Studienjahres 1956/57 durchgeführten ökonometrischen Untersuchungen wurden von der Ford Foundation, New York City, zur Verfügung gestellt.Der Autor ist seinem damaligen Assistenten, Herrn Franz Glinsner, für die Durchführung der Rechenarbeiten, ferner den Herren Dr. Franz Nemschak, Dr. Lothar Bosse und Frau Grete Kohlhauser vom Österreichischen Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung in Wien im Zusammenhang mit der Berechnung der Einkommenselastizitäten auf Grund der Österreichischen Konsum-Erhebung zu großem Dank verpflichtet.     

Information systems in policy making: Computer technology and organizational arrangements

Automated information systems as a tool in public policy making sometimes prove inappropriate in view of the use made of them by policy makers. The author suggests a coupling of selected organizational rearrangements and automated information systems, using competitive analyses to ensure that political decisions are sensitive to the values of different interests.     

Rezensionen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Stabilitätskonzepte am Beispiel Österreichs

Summary This paper examines two aspects of equilibrium — and stability concepts, which go beyond the traditional analyses. Firstly the speed by which a systems returns to the equilibrium position after an initial disturbance and, secondly, the introduction of stochastic elements in the analysis of stability. Both aspects are presented against the background of a simple model of the Austrian economy.It is known that a system of difference equations is stable if the greatest sigenvalue is smaller than one. In trying to estimate confidence intervals it can be shown that an evaluation according to deterministic criteria alone can indeed be misleading, even though the probability of an instable solution is small in the model under examiniation.The speed, by which a system returns to the equilibrium position after an initial disturbance, is measured by the half-life-period. This is the time it takes for the effects of the initial disturbance to be reduced to half their original values. In the model under examination the half-line amounts to one year (real solution) or two years (complex solution) respectively. If we take the stochastic nature of the eigenvalues into consideration, we get, for the 95% level of significance, figures of 3 months to 6 years in the real case. The large spread results from the fact that the half-life-concept is very sensitive even towards minor changes in the eigenvalues.This paper shows that the conventional methods of estimation of coefficients in stability-analyses are not sufficiently accurate.