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81.
Combining debt reduction with halting deforestation seems to be an attractive way of solving two urgent global problems at the same time at hardly any cost. But this view may be overly optimistic. What are the advantages and the drawbacks of debt-for-nature swaps? Are there any better alternatives? 相似文献
82.
Gerhard Kling 《European Journal of Finance》2018,24(1):59-75
This paper develops a theory of operational cash holding. Liquidity shocks due to delayed payments must be financed using cash or short-term debt. Debt holders provide an irrevocable credit line given a firm's expected insolvency risk, and equity holders select optimum cash holding. The model demonstrates the trade-off between cash holding and investing in fixed assets. Introducing uncertain cash flows leads to precautionary cash holding if debt holders impose financial constraints. Precautionary cash holding, in turn, reduces insolvency risk enhancing access to short-term finance. The theory shows that credit rationing can occur in the absence of market frictions. Using U.S. data from 1998 to 2012, empirical findings suggest that the decline in credit lines has contributed to the increase in cash holding in line with theoretical predictions. 相似文献
83.
84.
Gerhard Reitschuler 《Scottish journal of political economy》2010,57(2):238-252
Testing the tax smoothing hypothesis for the EU‐15, we hypothesise that the introduction of the 3%‐deficit rule of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993 may have inhibited tax smoothing as European Union (EU)‐member states are no longer capable of letting the deficit grow as much as implied by expected decreases in government expenditure. Our results show that for some countries this fiscal rule may have indeed changed the validity of the tax smoothing hypothesis, thus implying that EU accession has caused welfare losses. 相似文献
85.
Sebastian Dullien Michael Heise Gerhard Schick Burghof Hans-Peter 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2010,90(2):75-91
Schon w?hrend der Krise hat auf allen politischen Ebenen eine lebhafte Diskussion über eine bessere Finanzmarktregulierung
eingesetzt. Einig war man sich nur in wenigen Bereichen. Und von der Umsetzung etwaiger Reformen ist die Politik noch weit
entfernt. Allerdings ist auch fraglich, ob die Ansatzpunkte überhaupt richtig gew?hlt sind. 相似文献
86.
The development of accurate non-point source pollution assessment technologies allows the implementation of more efficient policies than can be undertaken in their absence. This study estimates the value of accurate measurement technology by estimating the gains from implementing a more efficient policy, one that targets agricultural non-point source emission reductions at the field scale but requires accurate field scale measurement technology, relative to a practice-based policy that can be implemented in the absence of such technology. For the environmental benefit of carbon sequestration, large cost savings are found due to improved targeting of conservation tillage subsidies for the state of Iowa. The ability of the government to cost discriminate is found to have little impact on the value of accurate measurement technology. 相似文献
87.
The following article discusses the undesired consequences of tax competition and presents a proposal for tax reform derived
from a very general normative basis: the idea of exchange between governments and taxpayers and the principle of equality.
The aim is to tie tax competition to jurisdictional competition in general and thereby maintain tax competition as a productive
procedure instead of abolishing it by harmonising tax systems. Surprisingly, systematic double taxation of income, as factor
income following the source principle and as citizens' income following the residence principle, is one element of the solution.
The other is unitary taxation of business income. 相似文献
88.
This paper presents data from a survey of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in Ukraine after privatization. To
analyze this data, regression equations are estimated and explain the response of restructuring and performance indicators
to ownership structures, competitive pressures, and hardening budget constraints. While ownership matters less for restructuring
activity than competition and budget constraints, concentrated outside ownership does have a significant positive impact on
the firm's performance.
This research was financially supported by a grant from the International Association for Promotion of Cooperation with Scientists
in the New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union (952-0280) and by a Research Fellowship provided by Konferenz der
Deutschen Akademien der Wissenschaften, sponsored by Volkswagen Stiftung. 相似文献
89.
90.
Suresh Bhagavatula Tom Elfring Aad van Tilburg Gerhard G. van de Bunt 《Journal of Business Venturing》2010,25(3):245-260
Small-scale firms in rural areas play an extremely important role in the development of any country, and especially in developing countries. To understand entrepreneurs who operate in a low-technology industry, we rely on the network perspective on entrepreneurship. In this paper, we investigate how the social and human capital of entrepreneurs (in this case master weavers in the handloom industry) influence their ability to recognize opportunities and mobilize resources. In addition to examining the direct effects, we also explore the possibilities of social capital mediating between human capital, on the one hand, and opportunity recognition and resource mobilization on the other. This paper adds to existing literature in two ways: firstly, we expand the social capital paradigm by including different cultural settings and links to existing studies regarding small enterprises. Secondly, we provide additional evidence to the ongoing debate as to what constitutes a ‘good network’. 相似文献