劳动力转移对资本回报率影响的机制分析与实证研究

在新一届政府提出大力发展城镇化的背景下,我国资本回报率是否可以支撑城镇化将带来的大量固定资本投资？本文构造了一个两部门模型,并结合中国的省际数据和多重代理变量方法从理论机制和实证研究两方面证明了：由于劳动力从农村部门向现代部门转移,资本回报率有可能出现随资本存量增加而先递增后递减的趋势。即如果城镇化可以拉动劳动力的持续转移,那么固定资本投资在一段时期内将有较高的资本回报率作为支持。研究结果还表明,制造业规模、存贷比指标、非国有企业所占的比重以及产品市场的发育程度也会对资本回报率的产生一定的影响。     

Incentive Mechanisms,Entrepreneurial Orientation,and Technology Commercialization: Evidence from China's Transitional Economy*

Scholars view entrepreneurial orientation as an essential element of high‐performing firms. The extant research has focused extensively on the construct development related to and performance implications of entrepreneurial orientation. Prior research has also identified the significant positive impact of entrepreneurial orientation on technology commercialization. The research community has, however, yet to examine critical antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation and to investigate relevant antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurial orientation in transitional settings such as that of China. Most Chinese firms are embracing significant changes in governance incentive mechanisms as China deepens the economic reform. The extant literature provides limited insight as to how incentive mechanisms such as chief executive officer (CEO) ownership and turnover may affect firm entrepreneurial orientation in China's transitional setting. Furthermore, given the significant changes and uncertainty in the market place, China provides an ideal laboratory to examine the influence of technological turbulence on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and technology commercialization. Aimed at filling in these glaring gaps, this study develops a conceptual model, with institutional theory as its underpinning, to examine the relationships among governance incentive mechanisms, entrepreneurial orientation, technological turbulence, and technology commercialization. The empirical results from a sample of 607 Chinese firms reveal several important findings. The CEO ownership has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial orientation, and CEO turnover frequency has an inverse U curvilinear impact on entrepreneurial orientation. Furthermore, entrepreneurial orientation positively affects technology commercialization, with technological turbulence positively moderating this relationship. This study makes several important contributions. First, the present article brings into sharper focus the differing impacts of CEO ownership and CEO turnover on entrepreneurial orientation. The theoretical deliberation and empirical testing offer useful insights into the formation process of entrepreneurial orientation. Second, the examination of the moderating effect of technological turbulence provides additional richness to the extant literature. In addition, different from prior studies, this study was conducted under China's transitional economy context. By integrating unique institutional arrangements and the turbulent technological environment, two key characteristics of China's transitional economy setting, the study broadened and deepened understanding of key antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurial orientation. The article also discusses managerial implications of the findings and suggests directions for future research.     

创意产业链与创意产业集群

创意产业链强调以创意为龙头,以内容为核心,驱动产品的制造,拉动批发和营销。带动后续产品开发,形成上下联动、左右衔接、一次投入、多次产出的链条．其关键战略环节包括内容、渠道、媒体、需求;创意产业集群指创意产业在地域上的集中,它使创意产品的创造、生产、分销和利用得到最优化,并能够显著提升创意产业的竞争力。     

试析如何保证QC成果的实效性

0C小组活动是基层岗位员工参与企业生产管理的有效途径,它对于提高企业的工作质量、产品质量和服务质量发挥着重要作用。但也不容忽视,QC小组活动还存在着许多不足的地方。如对Qc小组成员的培训力度不够,QC小组活动缺少有力的支持：对Qc小组活动缺乏正确引导,一些QC小组活动有形式主义和生搬硬套现象;有些小组活动偏重于现场型,片面追求“大、难、深”,     

Consumer knowledge and its consequences: an international comparison

By far the theories of consumer knowledge are mainly estimated in the western countries. It is important and necessary to assess theory generalizability and model equivalence across different culture contexts. This paper intends to gain a preliminary understanding of the relationship between two consumer knowledge components and four product‐related task performances, with a focus on the influences of two psycho‐linguistic differences in cognition. Based on the results of our empirically multi‐group comparison of Chinese and French wine consumers, we find that consumer knowledge is a multidimensional construct in both cultural contexts. It appears that psycho‐linguistic differences largely affect the consumption task performance. Consequently different consumer knowledge components play different roles in consumption tasks and lead wine consumers to employ dissimilar information processing strategies in various cultural contexts.     

森林资源生态价值支付意愿的实证分析——以"京津唐一承"区域为例

本文针对我国河北省承德市森林资源,以"京津唐一承"区域为研究对象,通过建立多元线性回归模型,分析了影响居民对森林资源生态价值支付意愿的诸多因素,并根据平均支付意愿对承德市森林资源生态价值及相关方的受益大小进行了估算.结果表明,承德市森林资源生态价值为163.27亿元,其中森林资源所在地承德市受益17.92亿元,占10.98%,周边区域京津唐3市受益145.35亿元,占89.02%.在众多因素中,收入、居住地以及对森林资源重要性的认识程度是影响居民对森林资源生态价值支付意愿大小的主要因素.     

珠三角地区产业结构与经济增长关系问题研究

本文借助误差修正模型．对珠三角地区产业结构和经济增长的关系进行了实证研究。目的是通过对珠三角经济区域的产业结构的定性和定量分析,来了解它们对经济增长的贡献,为该地区加快产业结构调整、提高产业结构优化程度提供参考。     

历史沉淀成本与经济转型的路径依赖及其超越

本文旨在突破新古典理性选择的经济转型研究方法,再次阐述计划经济体制下历史沉淀成本对经济转型的锁定效应。由新古典经济理论和规范决策理论可知,以前投资的历史或沉淀成本已经支付过了,因其不构成机会成本,所以不应该影响当前或未来的经济转型决策。然而,在经济转型时期,决策者并不能够根据经济转型的预期边际收益和边际成本进行理性决策,不仅需要考虑因资产专用性,以及由此产生的交易成本的阻碍影响,还需要考虑过去发生的历史沉淀成本的阻碍影响。因此,为了加快计划经济体制向市场经济体制转型的进程,制度或政策制定的基本原则应着眼于历史沉淀成本管理,从而切断路径依赖。     

制度主义分析的缺陷及其超越——关于中国村民自治建设和研究的反思

自20世纪80年代中期以来推行的中国乡村民主自治政治建设基本上建基于制度主义的后设理论。它强调制度建设、行政推动和制度归因。制度主义理论家族包括两大类成员：一类是结构制度主义;另一类是理性选择制度主义。结构制度主义假设了传统一现代的二元对分,套用现代理想类型,来分析乡村发展诸问题,却难以提供制度变迁的具体的路径和方式。理性制度主义虽然指出了,作为一种公共物品的基层民主政治建设,需要通过自上而下的行政推动来克服搭便车问题,但是自身却难逃制度理性和行政代理人利益理性的悖论。实践取向的能力建设方向,建基于当地村民的地方性知识和实践智慧基础上,围绕着实践中的问题,在外部专业人员协助下,通过行动反思,来融合传统资源和现代制度,寻找乡村发展和民主自治的出路,或许这才是跳出制度主义困境的希望所在。     

加强生态文明建设 切实践行科学发展观——以浙江省湖州市为例

生态文明首次写入党代会报告,是中国特色社会主义理论体系的又一重大创新,是对落实科学发展观、深化全面建设小康社会目标而提出的更高要求。建设生态文明,既是践行科学发展观的内在要求,也是建设和谐社会的基础和保障。