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We study possible rankings of opportunity profiles. An opportunity profile is a list of opportunity sets, one for each agent
in the society. We compare profiles on the basis of the notion of “equality of opportunities”. Our main results show the necessary
and sufficient conditions for this comparison to be made using exclusively the information provided by two cardinal measures:
the number of common alternatives in all sets of a given profile and the difference between the number of alternatives in
the individual sets. We also show that, under additional axioms, we can combine these criteria only in a weighted procedure
or in some lexicographic refinements of a weighted procedure.
相似文献
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周立 《广东金融学院学报》2003,18(3):13-23
渐进转轨过程中,政府面临许多挑战,因此保持并强化国家能力十分必要.为了保持国家能力,中国政府加强了对金融业的控制,促使其行使财政职能.这体现为,在资源动员过程中,金融业具有税收替代功能;在资源配置过程中,金融业具有财政替代功能.由此,金融资源被异化为中央和地方政府的财政资金,金融业异化为"第二财政".作为"第二财政"的金融业,发挥着提供铸币收入、平衡预算赤字、替代财政投资、平衡地区差距、替代财政补贴等多项财政功能.这种替代既有逻辑上的必然性--渐进改革的必然要求,也有其现实上的不合理性--财政功能和金融功能错位.只有进行金融制度建设,促进财政到位,才能使得金融归位. 相似文献
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Characterization and construction of optimal designs using the familiar optimality criteria, for example A-, D- and E-optimality
are well studied in the literature. However the study of the Distance Optimality (DS-) criterion introduced by Sinha (1970)
has very recently drawn attention of researchers. In the present article, we consider the singularly estimable full rank problem
of estimating the full set of elementary treatment contrasts using the DS optimality criterion in the set up of a one way
ANOVA model. Using a limit argument it turns out that a CRD in which difference between any two allocation numbers is at the
most unity is uniquely DS-optimal.
Acknowledgement. We are thankful to Prof. B. K. Sinha for suggesting the problem to us and many helpful discussions with him. We are also
thankful to the referees for drawing our attention to the reference of Bischoff (1995) and many helpful comments. 相似文献
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Richard Cebula 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2003,31(3):255-265
Using error-correction model (ECM) estimation, the paper empirically examines the causality relationship between the federal government budget deficit and the ex ante real interest rate yield on high grade long term tax free municipal bonds in the U.S. To clarify this deficit or interest rate relationship, the budget deficit is measured by the primary budget deficit, which excludes net interest payments by the Treasury. In a model that includes federal personal income tax rates and net international capital flows, as well as money supply growth, the ECM estimates strongly suggest a bi-directional relationship between the primary budget deficit and the ex ante real interest rate yield. Budget deficits apparently do matter! William Simon's concerns were justified.The author is indebted to P. A. V. B. Swamy for ideas and helpful suggestions and Will Perry for data assembly and processing. 相似文献