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31.
Within a rational general equilibrium model in which agents care only about personal consumption, we consider a setting in which, due to borrowing constraints, individuals endowed with local resources underparticipate in financial markets. As a result, investors compete for local resources through their portfolio choices. Even with complete financial markets and no aggregate risk, agents may herd into risky portfolios. This yields a Pareto‐dominated outcome as agents introduce “community” risk unrelated to fundamentals. Moreover, if some agents are behaviorally biased, or cannot completely diversify their holdings, rational agents may choose more extreme portfolios and amplify the effect. 相似文献
32.
The Use of Franchising by U.S.-Based Retailers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ilan Alon 《Journal of Small Business Management》2001,39(2):111-122
The question of whether to franchise or to own has received much research interest in recent years. Two popular approaches used to explain the proportion of franchising (PF) in the franchisor's system are resource-scarcity and agency theories. This study combines both theories to explain the proportion of franchised outlets in the U.S. retailing sector between 1990 and 1997. The findings show mixed results with regard to both previous studies and hypothesized relationships. The study shows that the proportion of franchising used by retailers is positively related to size (number of outlets) and geographical scope, and negatively related to the rate of growth and the level of investment. Age and royalty rates are not found to be significant to the proportion of franchising. 相似文献
33.
Masao Nakamura Ilan Vertinsky Charlene Zietsma 《Managerial and Decision Economics》1997,18(2):153-175
Collaborative research consortia allow firms to pursue scale and scope economies in research, finance large costly proposals, share risks, avoid unnecessary duplication, internalize the externalities created by research spillovers, and allow the use of firm-specific complementary skills and resources. In this study we examine the evolution of cooperative research organizations in the USA and Japan. We explore the factors which influence the emergence of alternative forms of cooperation. Specifically, we examine the role of culture and the institutional environment in molding the organization of cooperation between firms in R&D and the consequences of such cooperation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
34.
35.
Research into the links between religion and foreign direct investment is scarce, partly because research on religion has not been the traditional domain of business and economics. Nevertheless, religion affects the economies, political structures, legal environments, and social behaviors of people around the world and is, therefore, an important element of the international business environments. Foreign direct investment (FDI) decisions are often made after an assessment of the international business environments. This article makes a singular contribution by focusing on the impact of religion – religious freedom and religious diversity – on the foreign direct investment of Japanese companies. We find that national income and religious diversity significantly influence Japanese decisions to invest. 相似文献
36.
This article presents a model for anticipating and responding to the human resource management needs of business. It presents methods for analyzing both external fit (Human Resource Management fits the development state of the organization) and internal fit (the organization components complementing and supporting each other) of human resource management. The model and its application result from research conducted in thirty organizations ranging in size from 2000 to 300,000 employees and varing in industry from financial services to consumer products. To develop and demonstrate the application of the model, we present in-depth case studies of four organizations. Implications of the model are discussed. 相似文献
37.
Exploring the differences between franchisee entrepreneurs and nascent entrepreneurs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper is singular in its use of the PSED dataset for deriving a better understanding of the nature of nascent entrepreneurs
as compared to franchisee entrepreneurs. We used previous studies on the differences between the two groups and developed
variables divided into three dimensions: (1) prior experience, (2) growth objectives, and (3) motivation and risk. Jonckheere–Terpstra
(J–T) tests, Chi-Square tests, F-tests and logistic regression models detected differences in all three dimensions. The conclusion is that franchisee entrepreneurs
in the United States of America are distinctive in their characteristics. As compared to nascent entrepreneurs, franchisee
entrepreneurs have less experience, less confidence in their skills, less capital, more aspirations for larger organizations,
less confidence in their abilities to make the business a success, and more belief that their first-year incomes will be stable.
相似文献
Ilan Alon (Corresponding author)Email: |
38.
We test whether major religious denominations correlate with education in a uniform way across the world and the extent to which minority status contributes to the correlation. Using individual data from the World Values Survey for 77 countries, we first find that no denomination is consistently associated with education and, in fact, for each denomination we study there are countries where its correlation with education is significantly positive, significantly negative, or statistically insignificant. To explain this unexpected result, we relate our first finding to minority status and find that denominations that are a minority in a given country positively correlate with the level of education of their followers in that country. Both findings uphold a series of robustness checks, including changing the definition of minority religions, excluding outliers, and changing the measure of education. 相似文献
39.
This article uses the resource‐based and internationalization theories to explain the export behavior of Chinese entrepreneurial firms. Based on multiyear data on Chinese firms from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), we show that contextualized resource‐based theory can adequately explain some of the variation in export behavior among young Chinese firms. Exports by small Chinese firms are driven by the social and intellectual capital of the entrepreneur and their entrepreneurial proclivity, and the innovativeness/uniqueness of the product/offering. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
40.
The purpose of this article is to explain the returns of American Depository Receipts (ADRs), comparing the results across emerging and developed markets. Using a sample of 167 ADRs from 14 emerging and 17 developed markets (31 markets in total) for the period 2000–2004, we found variations in the impacts of specific variables and in the explanatory power of models associated with the annual holding‐period return of firms. Dividing ADRs into emerging and developed markets suggests that firm size and local market conditions influenced returns in the two groups in similar ways. However, firm‐specific business risk and country‐specific economic risk are only important to emerging markets' ADRs, while country‐specific exchange‐rate variables are more important to developed markets' ADRs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献