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111.
Consider N independent stochastic processes \((X_i(t), t\in [0,T])\), \(i=1,\ldots , N\), defined by a stochastic differential equation with random effects where the drift term depends linearly on a random vector \(\Phi _i\) and the diffusion coefficient depends on another linear random effect \(\Psi _i\). For these effects, we consider a joint parametric distribution. We propose and study two approximate likelihoods for estimating the parameters of this joint distribution based on discrete observations of the processes on a fixed time interval. Consistent and \(\sqrt{N}\)-asymptotically Gaussian estimators are obtained when both the number of individuals and the number of observations per individual tend to infinity. The estimation methods are investigated on simulated data and show good performances. 相似文献
112.
This paper starts from the stylized fact that firm size and exporting tends to be positively related. Using large sets of
establishment panel data for three different industries from official statistics, evidence is presented that the familiar
picture of an export/sales ratio that increases (at a decreasing rate) with firm size vanishes if unobserved firm heterogeneity
is controlled for in a fixed-effects fractional logit regression model. This finding is well in line with the fact that many
small firms are “hidden export champions.” JEL no. F10, D21, L60 相似文献
113.
Nonlinear models with panel data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Panel data play an important role in empirical economics. With panel data one can answer questions about microeconomic dynamic behavior that could not be answered with cross sectional data. Panel data techniques are also useful for analyzing cross sectional data with grouping. This paper discusses some issues related to specification and estimation of nonlinear models using panel data.JEL Classification:
C230The research behind this paper was supported by the National Science Foundation, the Gregory C. Chow Econometric Research Program at Princeton University, and Danish National Research Foundation (through CAM at the University of Copenhagen). The author thanks Ekaterini Kyriazidou, Hong Li, Marina Sallustro, and the editors for helpful suggestions. 相似文献
114.
Gross stocks of foreign assets have increased rapidly relative to national outputs since 1990, and the short-run capital gains
and losses on those assets can amount to significant fractions of GDP. These fluctuations in asset values render the national
income and product account measure of the current account balance increasingly inadequate as a summary of the change in a
country's net foreign assets. Nonetheless, unusually large current account imbalances, especially deficits, should remain
high on policymakers' list of concerns, even, for the richer and less credit-constrained countries. Extreme imbalances signal
the need for large and perhaps abrupt real exchange rate changes in the future, changes that might have undesired political
and financial consequences given the incompleteness of domestic and international asset markets. Furthermore, of the two sources
of the change in net foreign assets—the current account and the capital gain on the net foreign asset position—the former
is better understood and more amenable to policy influence. Systematic government attempts to manipulate international asset
values in order to change the net foreign asset position could have a destabilizing effect on market expectations. JEL no.
F21, F32, F36, F41 相似文献
115.
This paper provides some empirical evidence on one of the most controversial theoretical implications of the new open economy
literature, which refers to the role of the current account in the international monetary transmission mechanism. In order
to throw some light on this issue, two structural VAR models are estimated separately for 14 industrialized countries. The
main empirical results highlight the importance of the role of nominal disturbances for current account fluctuations. Additionally,
it is found that expansionary nominal shocks generate temporary current account surpluses, whose size is positively correlated
with the openness of the individual countries. JEL no. C32, E40, F41, F42 相似文献
116.
This paper is the first attempt to analyze ITC Commissioner voting behavior on sunset reviews of antidumping cases. Sunset
determinations entail greater complexity than initial antidumping investigations because ITC commissioners must account for
the impact of dumping protection as well as competitive forces on industry conditions. Empirical findings indicate that ITC
voting is based on both sunset regulation and nonstatutory factors. Results reveal apparent biases against Chinese competitors
and poorer nations generally, and favorable treatment toward U.S. steel producers and high-wage industries. There is also
evidence of preferential treatment of industries located in states of Senate oversight committee members. JEL no. F13 相似文献
117.
Productivity and the Euro-Dollar exchange rate 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This article analyses the impact of productivity developments in the United States and the euro area on the euro-dollar exchange
rate. The article presents a new measure of relative average labour, productivity (ALP) which does not suffer from the biases
implicit in readily available relative ALP data. Importantly, the patterns of these series differ widely. Employing the Johansen
cointegration framework, four models are estimated using four different productivity proxies. Our results indicate that the
extent to which productivity can explain the euro depreciation varies with the productivity proxy used: readily available
measures explain most, our new, preferred measure least. In all models, however, productivity can explain only a fraction
of the actual euro depreciation experienced in 1999–2000. JEL no. F31, C32, O47
The views expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Central Bank
or its staff. 相似文献
118.
In the 1980s, the Chinese regime took a number of piecemeal steps toward economic liberalization. This process accelerated
impressively in the 1990s. This paper reports an empirical study into the determinants of the emerging pattern of Chinese
trade (export and import) intensities in the liberalization decade by exploring international trade statistics for 1993 and
1999. Four models are estimated that explain the shifts in the export and import intensities of the trade with different trade
partners in the 1993–1999 period. The estimation results reveal differences for export vis-à-vis import trade intentities,
as well as for 1993 compared to 1999. For example, the political determinants of trade intensities that were still very important
in 1993 have been moved to the background by economic explanations in 1999. JEL no. F14 相似文献
119.
On the eve of enlargement of the European Union from fifteen to twenty-five Member States, this article focuses on economic developments in 2003 and prospects for 2004 and 2005 in the European Union, especially in the euro area, the state of play on structural reform, before concluding with some reflections on enlargement. 相似文献
120.
Ziel des Beitrags ist die Beantwortung der Frage, welche Faktoren die Nutzung von Fernsehserien erkl?ren k?nnen. Kann sie
im Wesentlichen auf Habitualisierung und strukturelle Rahmenbedingungen zurückgeführt werden, oder l?sst sie sich dadurch
erkl?ren, dass die Erwartungen an die Qualit?t von Fernsehserien und die Wahrnehmung von Qualit?tseigenschaften der verschiedenen
Serien zwischen den Rezipienten variieren? Zun?chst werden die theoretisch relevanten Faktoren für ein Modell der subjektiven
Qualit?tsauswahl identifiziert und operationalisiert. Anschlie?end wird in einer empirischen Studie geprüft, ob diese Faktoren
einen Einfluss auf die Nutzung der Fernsehserien haben. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, dass die drei Elemente des theoretischen
Ansatzes — Qualit?tserwartungen, Qualit?tswahrnehmungen und Qualit?tsurteile — die Seriennutzung zu einem betr?chtlichen Teil
erkl?ren k?nnen. Der Vorteil dieses Ansatzes gegenüber dem Uses and Gratifications Approach besteht darin, dass die Eigenschaften
des Angebots im Mittelpunkt stehen. Damit wird es m?glich, Aussagen darüber zu machen, welche wahrgenommenen Merkmale des
Angebots für die Nutzungsentscheidungen der Rezipienten relevant sind. 相似文献