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21.
BRIAN DOLLERY GREG HALLAM JOE WALLIS 《Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy》2008,27(4):343-354
A host of recent public inquiries into Australian local government have recommended increased use of shared services and resource‐sharing models between groups of local councils. While little is known about the extent and consequences of service sharing, emphasis has been fixed on ‘horizontal’ shared service models between different local councils in the same municipal jurisdictions. However, other models of shared services and resource sharing are possible. This paper considers the Queensland Local Government Association (LGAQ) model as a case study of a resource sharing between all councils in a given system of local government. This form of shared service and resource sharing seems to offer excellent prospects for cost savings and capacity enhancement. 相似文献
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YU JOE HUANG 《Contemporary economic policy》1990,8(3):157-173
China is distinct among developing countries in that it has significant heating loads over much of the country. Because nearly half of the urban residential buildings are located in climates colder than that of Washington state, the already large demand for space heating will skyrocket if the current building boom continues. Space heating energy use, excluding that for hotels and offices catering to foreigners, is constrained by mandated coal allocations resulting in partially heated buildings with indoor temperatures significantly below design conditions.
This underheating, to a significant extent, masks the energy savings obtained from more energy-efficient boilers and building designs. Even so, computer simulations show that such conservation strategies can reduce current energy use by 40 percent, while dramatically raising indoor temperatures. Economic calculations comparing energy savings with increased construction costs are skewed by the unmet heating loads as well as by government-subsidized coal prices that are below actual costs. From the perspective of building owners and managers, building energy conservation still is economically attractive in the cold Northeast– where the cost of conserved coal is half that of the subsidized coal price – but is difficult to justify in terms of economic payback in Beijing or Shanghai. 相似文献
This underheating, to a significant extent, masks the energy savings obtained from more energy-efficient boilers and building designs. Even so, computer simulations show that such conservation strategies can reduce current energy use by 40 percent, while dramatically raising indoor temperatures. Economic calculations comparing energy savings with increased construction costs are skewed by the unmet heating loads as well as by government-subsidized coal prices that are below actual costs. From the perspective of building owners and managers, building energy conservation still is economically attractive in the cold Northeast– where the cost of conserved coal is half that of the subsidized coal price – but is difficult to justify in terms of economic payback in Beijing or Shanghai. 相似文献
24.
Most economic models falsely predicted a landslide victory for former President Bush in 1992. Rather than winning by the predicted margin of eight to 12 percentage points, Bush lost by a margin of about four. Exit polls tend to eliminate the unique candidacy of Ross Perot as an explanation for the turnabout. This paper examines three factors: (i) changes in the proportion of the population in the military (a proxy for national security concerns), (ii) the number of consecutive terms of incumbency, and (iii) nonlinear interactions between the military variable and standard economic variables. Including these factors in an economic model of the 1992 presidential race avoids predictions of a landslide victory for Bush and also improves the model's overall power and stability. 相似文献
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A growing literature investigates the role of internal capital markets in mitigating financial constraints faced by the subsidiaries of a conglomerate. Most studies have relied on indirect tests based on correlations between the cash flows and the investment of the subsidiaries. In contrast, we avoid the widespread criticisms of such specifications by providing direct tests that focus on the mechanisms through which internal reallocations of funds occur. We find that internal capital markets are used by multibank holding companies to mitigate capital constraints faced by individual bank subsidiaries. In addition, we show that internal capital management within a multibank holding company involves not only the movement of capital to those subsidiaries with a relatively greater need for capital but also the movement of assets (loans) from less well capitalized to better capitalized subsidiaries by means of loan sales and purchases among the subsidiaries. Furthermore, net loan sales are used to allow efficiency‐enhancing specialization among bank subsidiaries, insofar as those subsidiaries with the best loan origination opportunities are able to focus on loan originations even if they do not have sufficient capital to hold the loans. Our evidence is consistent with banks affiliated with holding companies more actively participating in loan sales and purchases because, by using their internal secondary loan market, they are able to avoid the “lemons” problem faced by stand‐alone banks. 相似文献
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IAN M. McDONALD 《The Economic record》1990,66(4):322-328
This paper extends the theory of the determination of retail prices in a customer market to a shop selling many types of goods. For a multi-good shop, a discontinuous marginal revenue function for each good sold is derived. Under reasonable assumptions the size of this discontinuity depends only on the customer dynamics and is independent of own-price elasticities and cross-price elasticities. A discussion of the determination of producer prices shows how the theory can explain the relative stability of retail prices. 相似文献
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